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Physics > Force and Motion > Flashcards

Force and Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull.

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2
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The overall force acting on an object.

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3
Q

How do you calculate resultant force?

A
  • Adding up all forces in the same direction.
  • Subtracting all forces in opposite directions.
  • e.g. 30N to right and 10N to left = 20N to the right.
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4
Q

How can you summaries Newton’s First Law?

A

An object remains at rest or travels at a constant speed in the same direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

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5
Q

What is an inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to remain stationary, or resist changing velocity. e.g. the Earth has a huge inertia.

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6
Q

What is a terminal velocity?

A

The motion of a falling object when weight and air resistance are equal.

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7
Q

What is a free body force diagram?

A

A diagram where you show all the forces acting on an object.

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8
Q

What is a vector diagram for?

A

It calculates the resultant force of two forces acting at a right angle of each other.

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9
Q

What mathematical equation do you have to use for a vector diagram?

A

Pythagoras Theorum.

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10
Q

How can you summarise Newton’s Second Law?

A
  • An unbalanced force acting on an object will cause it to accelerate.
  • The acceleration will be in the same direction as the unbalanced force.
  • The acceleration is proportional to the unbalanced force.
  • The acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass.
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11
Q

What is an inertial mass?

A

How hard it is to change the velocity (speed or direction) of an object.

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12
Q

How can you summarise Newton’s Third Law?

A
  • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
  • Forces act in pairs. These forces are:
    Equal in magnitude.
    Opposite in direction.
    The same type of force.
    Acting on different objects.
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13
Q

What does mass do?

A

It tells us how much matter is in an object.

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14
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms (kg).

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15
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity.

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16
Q

What is weight measured in? (remember: weight is a force)

A

Newtons (N).

17
Q

What does the weight of an object depend on?

A

Gravitational field strength.

18
Q

What can you measure the weight of an object with?

A

A newtonmeter.

19
Q

What is the centre of mass of an object?

A

The weight of an object mat be considered to act at a certain point called the ‘centre of mass’.

20
Q

What is required for an object to be stretched, compressed or bended?

A

More than one force needs to be applied.

21
Q

What is a deformation?

A

Any change in shape of an object.

22
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

Where an object returns to it’s original shape.

23
Q

What is inelastic deformation?

A

Where an object doesn’t return to it’s original shape.

24
Q

What is extension?

A

The amount an object stretches.

25
Q

What does Hooke’s Law say?

A
  • The extension of an object is directly proportional to it’s stretching force.
  • The equation is Force = spring constant x extension.
26
Q

What happens when an object is stretched beyond the limit of proportionality?

A

It will be deformed inelastically and won’t obey Hooke’s Law.

27
Q

What does momentum do?

A
  • It tells us how hard it is to stop an object.
  • It gets larger with increasing mass and velocity.
28
Q

Why is momentum always conserved?

A

The momentum before an event is the same as the momentum after the event.

29
Q

What is reaction time?

A

The time between sensing something and moving.

30
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance a car travels between the driver knowing they have to stop and pressing the brakes.

31
Q

What four factors can increase thinking distance?

A
  • Distractions.
  • Alcohol.
  • Drugs.
  • Tiredness.
32
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance a car travels after the brakes have been applied, but before it stops.

33
Q

What five factors can increase braking distance?

A
  • Higher mass.
  • Faster speed.
  • Worn brakes.
  • Slippery road.
  • Worn tires.
34
Q

What is the equation for stopping distance?

A

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance.

Physics (4 decks)

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