The Paradigm's

Question 1

The three ages and the four paradigm’s

Answer 1

• Agricultural age
• Industrial age - 20th century
  
  • Industrial economy
  • Experience economy
• Information age - 21th century
  
  • Knowledge economy
  • Transformation economy

Question 2

The 4 industrial revolutions

Answer 2

• Industrial age
  
  • 1st, mechanisation, waterpower, steampower
  • 2nd, mass prod., assembly line, electricity
• Information age
  
  • 3rd, Computer and automation
  • 4th, Cyber physical systems

Question 3

Sociocultural changes of the industrial eco.

Answer 3

• Industrial revolution
  
  • mass production
  • electrification
  • functionality
  • machine aestethics
    
    • the look of “available to the masses”
    • building and products expressed the look of being produced by a machine

Question 4

Value creation during industrial eco.

Answer 4

• Efficient production - cost reductions
  
  • faster
  • less manual labor
• Product improvements
  
  • continous improvements for mass prod.

Question 5

Sociocultural changes of the experience eco.

Answer 5

• Emanicipation of the 1960’s
  
  • Black civil rights (M.L.King)
  • Young culture (Beatles)
  • Gay liberation
• Branded products
  
  • A step away from the mass production - expressing lifestyle
• The change of efficiency to luxury and lifestyle (1980’s)
  
  • “less is more” became “less is bore”
• The change from functionalism to formalism
  
  • mass prod –> limited edition
  • good quality –> aestethic recognizable

Question 6

Value creation of experience eco.

Answer 6

• Competing preoducts became similar
  
  • Branding - stand out from the rest
  • Market segmentation
  • Tailored solutions

Question 7

Sociocultural changes in the knowledge economy

Answer 7

• The digital revolution
  
  • analog - digital - smart
• Web 2.0
  
  • online communities
    
    • people reaffirm thier personality through creative expressions. Twitter etc.
    • 1st paradigm: church
    • 2nd paradigm: subcultures
    • 3rd paradigm: online communities
• The “sharing” economy
  
  • online-platforms for sharing
    
    • objects, places, skills, knowledge
  • Also: “the access economy”
    
    • company between customers
      
      • bla bla car
• The maker culture
  
  • 3D printing
  • DIY
  • Open-source, hacker culture

Question 8

Value creation of knowledge eco.

Answer 8

• User knowledge
• Expert knowledge
• Knowledge about use

Question 9

Sociocultural change of the transformation economy.

Answer 9

• Concern about downsides from the first paradigm’s
  
  • pollution
  • global warming
  • wealth disparity
  • poor overseas labor condition
• Starting to appriciate products ethically and sustainabely produced and traded
• Social network’s make it hard for companies to hide for example poor labor conditions

Question 10

Value creation for transformation eco.

Answer 10

• Competence networks
  
  • bottom-up approach, takes time to build.
• Parametric approach
  
  • companies need to create platforms that local designers can shape to fit their needs
• Competences
  
  • Designer approach from P3 not sufficient. Designers need to focus meaningful living rather than self-actualisation.

Question 11

Explain the Philips Ambient Experience

Answer 11

• Computer Tomography Scanning.
  
  • Patients need to be still for a good image
  • High patient anxiety
• 1st Paradigm approach
  
  • Improved tech -> better image quality
• 2nd Paradigm approach
  
  • Improved experience -> less movement on patients
    
    • color light
    • sound
    • projected images

In the article “changing your hammer: the implications of paradigmatic innnovation for design practice” by Gardien, Hummels Djajadinigrat and brombacher