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History AS Level:French Revolution > The Origins of The French Revolution > Flashcards

The Origins of The French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the First Estate

A

The clergy

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2
Q

What was the First Estate split into?

A

-Upper (of noble blood)
-Lower(not of noble blood)

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3
Q

What was the second estate?

A

-The nobility

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4
Q

What percentage of the population did the nobility make?

A

-1.5%

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5
Q

What percentage of the population did the first estate make?

A

-O.5%

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6
Q

What was the Third Estate?

A

-everyone else not in the 1st or 2nd estates

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7
Q

What percentage of the population did the Third Estate make?

A

-98%

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8
Q

Give examples of groups who made up the Third Estate

A

-bourgeoisie
-wage labourers
-peasants
-etc.

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9
Q

What percentage of French society was part of the peasantry?

A

-85%

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10
Q

Which percentage of peasants were share-croppers?

A

-50%

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11
Q

What percentage of their crops did sharecroppers have to give?

A

-50%

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12
Q

What problems did the peasantry face?

A

-Tax burden(e.g: tithe, taille,gabelle)
–>5-10% of income
-Rises in rent
–>1705-1790: rose by 5.5 mil.
–>landlord continue to rise rent

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13
Q

What problems did the Urban workers face?

A

-poor living conditions
-Rise in prices> rise in wages
-Price: 65%
-Wages:22%
-Payed 45% of income in tax and tithe

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14
Q

What problems did the Bourgeoisie face?

A

-incr. need to be represented politically
-39% of French wealth
-but zero say in how the country was run

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15
Q

What privileges did the first estate have?

A

-Did not have to pay tax
-large income in taxes:100 million
-Could determine amount of m. payed to gov(don gratuit)
-under 5% of income

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16
Q

Why was the first Estate becoming less popular?

A

-Plurality + absenteeism
-Tax exemption
-Power over The People

17
Q

Explain why plurality and absenteeism was making the FE unpopular

A

-bishops more interested in money than spirituality–> took up more than one diocese(plurality)
-thus, spent little time with ppl (absenteeism)

18
Q

Explain how the tax system caused the FR

A

-Highlighted fundamental inequalities- exacerbated contemporary problems
-Increased resentment towards the first and second estates + encouraged the diminishing of their power

19
Q

Explain how living conditions caused the French Revolution

A

-Impetus for change
-Highlighted tax burden
-Bread and butter issues

20
Q

Explain how The Enlightenment caused the French Revolution

A

-Spread of questioning the right to authority/divine right of kings→ allowed upheaval of the system
-Gave the people the revolutionary ideas to combat their struggles

21
Q

Explain how The Enlightenment caused the French Revolution

A

-Spread of questioning the right to authority/divine right of kings→ allowed upheaval of the system
-Gave the people the revolutionary ideas to combat their struggles

22
Q

Explain how The Feudal System caused the French Revolution

A

-Indicated no scope for progress-need for upheaval of the system
-Growing middle class resentment over aristocratic dominance

23
Q

Explain how the System of Government caused the French Revolution

A

-Absolute monarchy required a strong leader
-Therefore, highlighted its ineffectiveness with a weak and indecisive leader such as Louis the Sixteenth

24
Q

When did the 7 years war occur?

A

1756-1763

25
Q

When did France join the AWoI?

A

-1778

26
Q

Describe the Economic Crisis of 1781-7

A

-August 1786- Gov. on verge of bankruptcy
-Deficit= 112 mil. livres
-caused by war + tax (poor tax collection)
-Bad harvests(e.g: 1787-1788)
- rise in prices= less demand
-rising unemployment
-Food shortage
-1789: grain prices at their peak
-UWs spent more than 80% of wages on bread alone
-tithe owners and land owners accused of hoarding grain + speculation

27
Q

What had caused the economic/financial crisis?

A

-Taxation system (untapped resources from 1st and second estate)
-Failure to support Turgot’s reforms(‘74-76):
-abolishment of corvee
-abolishment of guild system
-tax reform

28
Q

What caused inflation?

A

-Increase in population (1700-19 million, 1790-22 million)
-but no increase in grain production

29
Q

When was the Assembly of Notables called

A

-1787

30
Q

Why was the AoN called?

A

-avoid bringing about the EG (bringing tghtr his opp.)
-pass three point plan from Calonne (1786)
1.Create new land tax which would include church
2.Free movement of grain
3.Increase national confidence through a display of unity

31
Q

Why did AoN fail

A

-most privilleged class
-had to most to lose
-believed EG needed to pass reform

32
Q

When was the Estate General called?

A

-1789

33
Q

Why was the Estate General called?

A

-failure of the Paris P to pass Brienne’s plan:
-no venality
-new treasury
-etc.
-they said EG was needed to pass
-August 1788- Declaration of Bankruptcy
-needed advice on economic/ agricultural crisis

34
Q

What were the demands of the Estate General?

A

-new constitution (all cahiers wanted this)
-Radical cahiers: meeting more frequently (e.g: Paris–> 3 times a year)
-divided on tax reform (p + uw= concerned abt. unfaired taxes + GABELLE)
-peasantry: abolish/reform seig. system
-Bourgeois: more political reforms (e.g: no ldc, equal tax on all classes, accuses to justices in the parlements).
-Third estate: voting by head
-1st and 2nd Estate: voting by order

35
Q

How did Louis respond to the demands of the EG?

A

-no new constitution mention
-no mention of new reform programme
-voting by order instead of head

36
Q

What was the National Assembly?

A

-Third Estate called it on the
-17th of June
-when eg reached impasse on voting
-own governing body
-work, with or without the other estates

37
Q

Why was the Tennis Court Oath taken?

A

-Louis XVI tried to halt the actions of the Third Estate
-ended EG and forced each estate 2 separate
-TE moved discussions to tennis court
-swear they will secure a constitution for France

History AS Level:French Revolution (3 decks)

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