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History AS Level:French Revolution > The First Phase of the French Revolution-Constitutional Monarchy > Flashcards

The First Phase of the French Revolution-Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the events surrounding Storming of The Bastille

A
  • Catalys. by news of Necker’s dismissal”on 12 Jul.
  • Speakers at the PR ordered the taking of arms
  • looting for ammunition
  • Clashes with gardes-francaise + royal troops
  • GF ordered to withdraw
    • refusal + desertion
    • 14 July- 5/6 battalions had deserted + some joined
  • looted Les Invalides but short of gun powder
  • De Launay refuses entrance + gp
  • group enters the courtyard
  • Open fire
    • killed 98 protesters
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2
Q

Explain why it was stormed

A
  1. Necker’s dismissal
    • Very popular
    • Seen to be one of the only working to solve the food crisis–>subsidised bread + enforced price controls
    • compte rendu suggesting royal finances in surplus
    • raising loans rather than taxes during AWoI
  2. The increasing presence of troops
    • 2600 foreign speaking units
    • 11 July–> 25,000 troops located in P-V area
  3. The Economic Crisis
    • encouraged more widespread popular movement vs. intellectual movement
    • Parisian worker could be spending 88 percent of wages on bread
    • Bad harvest–> unemployment
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3
Q

Who was involved in the storming of the bastille?

A
  • Sans-culottes

- some gardes-francaise

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4
Q

Describe the formation of The National Guard

A
  • Bourgeoisie afraid of the breakdown of l + o
    • fear of property being threatened
  • 10 July 1789
  • Citizens’ militia
    • 2 defend the interests of property owners
    • Defending Paris from Royal Troops
  • Predominantly Bourgeoise
  • After SoB and formation of Paris Comm.(King lost control)–>became known as The National Guard
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5
Q

What were the priorities of the national constituent assembly?

A

-Draw up a constitution

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6
Q

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

A

-Stated that Frenchmen were citizens not subjects bound to the king

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7
Q

What was the Great Fear?

A

-increase in peasant unrest in the wake of rumours that the nobles were gonna block reform and attack them

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8
Q

What did the Great Fear result in?

A
  • looting of chateux

- destroyed feudal documents (terriers)

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9
Q

Why did the Great Fear spread?

A
  • bad harvests
  • the failed calling of the National Assembly
  • The Storming of The Bastille
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10
Q

When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen passed?

A

-4 August 1789

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11
Q

-What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Of The Citizen?

A
  • civil rights document
    • All are free and equal
    • Limited government
    • Personal ’inalienable rights’
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12
Q

Describe What Happened During The Woman’s March?

A
  • led by fish-wives of Paris
  • protesting the Price of Bread
  • Marquis de La Fayette followed the crowds to Versailles
  • Bloodshed
  • Palace invaded
  • King forced to move to Paris
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13
Q

What were the points of the Declaration of the Rights of Man

A

-Men are born and remain equal
-Sovereignty to the people
-Freedom of worship
-Freedom of expression
-

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14
Q

What were the August Decrees?

A

-Abolished the feudal system

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15
Q

Describe the Civil Constitution of The Clergy

A

-established the new position of the Catholic church within France

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16
Q

What did the CCC do?

A
  • Made being a bishop/priest an office which was elected
  • Made the clergy paid employees of the government
  • Reduced the number of bishops and archbishops
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17
Q

Impact of the CCC?

A

-created more dissent

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18
Q

Describe the draft of the 1791 Constitution

A
  • Constitutional monarchy
    • subjugated by the law
    • sovereignty lay in the people
      • King of the French instead of King of France
      • people>inherent part of country
  • But had significant powers:
    • Suspensive veto
    • Appoint ministers and military generals
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19
Q

Explain why the revolutionaries began to split

A
20
Q

Describe the Flight to Varennes

A
  • June 1791
  • Louis declared he could not rule under the new changes (not publicly)
  • Failed attempt of the royal family to flee
21
Q

Why did Louis want to flee

A
  • Lack of faith in the constitution
  • Own personal beliefs
  • Urgings from his wife (Marie Antoinette)
22
Q

What was the Flight to Varennes’ impact on Louis XVI (specifically to him)?

A
  • lack of trust
    • -> people openly talked about replacing him
  • Led to his execution
23
Q

What was The Flight to Varennes impact on the revolution?

A
  • Exposed how the 1791 constitution was not workable (discredited it)
  • Encouraged the idea of republic
  • More radical groups took the lead (i.e the cordeliers)
  • Split of the Jacobins- feuillant (don’t want the king deposed)
  • National assembly faced with a new challenge- whether to depose or not- could lead to civil war + war in Europe over the king
  • Jacobins were persuaded to join the Cordeliers
24
Q

Describe the Champ de Mars massacre

A
  • 17 July 1971
  • 50,000 people
  • Went to send a republican declaration
  • The Paris commune declared martial law.
  • The NG-under Lafayette- fired on the crowd
  • 50 killed
25
Q

Describe the Declaration of Pillnitz

A

-Rulers of Austria + Prussia issue joint decl. of supp. for Louis
- Stated that:
- hoped to restore the powers of french monarchy
-situation in France is a problem for all European monarchies
-

26
Q

Describe the Legislative Assembly

A
  • The gov. between the 1791 constitution and the overthrow of the monarchy
  • Controlled by the feuillants (wanted constitutional monarchy)
27
Q

Explain the clash with the king over refractory priests

A
  • The King was deeply religious
  • Refused to jeopardise his immortal soul(CCC condemned by pope)
  • Vetoed decree on the expulsion of non-juring priests (19 June 1792)
28
Q

Describe France’s Declaration of War

A
  • 20 April 1792

- Only 7 deputies voted against it

29
Q

Explain why war was declared

A
  • Girondin/Brosottin push
    • Underline the permanence of the rev.
    • oppressed subjects of opp. army would support
    • Lack of likelihood of foreign interv. (Russia busy with Poland, Britian would not join unless empire was threatened)
  • Fear of counter-revolutionaries
    • Austrian Commitee
  • Generals wanting prestige
    • Reinforce the monarchy
      • tired of political instability
  • Dismissal of Feuillant Ministers
  • Declaration of Pillnitz
30
Q

Why did Louis support war?

A
  • hoping that Austrian victory would drive out the revolutionaries
  • Pressure from the National Assembly
  • Appease mistrust of the people
31
Q

Describe the problems of The Legislative Assembly

A
  • Actions of the king suggest that he would not accept policies he did not like
    • e.g: flight to Varenne
  • Suspicious about the King’s acceptance of the Revolution
  • Fear of counter-revolutionary plots
  • Less than 24% of active citizens voted
  • Unhappiness of the Sans-Cullotes
    • felt that they had not been rewarded for their role in The Storming of The Bastille
    • Inflation on the rise
    • Strikes begining in 1791 as the value of wages fell
    • Grain prices rose by 50%
32
Q

Describe France’s problems at the beginning of The War

A
  • Half of its officers had emigrated
  • Only 150,000 men
  • Discipline + desertion problems
  • Failed invasion of the Austrian Netherlands
  • By May 1971- 3 senior commanders recommending peace talks
  • Marie Antoinette sending war plans to Austria
33
Q

When was war declared?

A

-20th April 1792

34
Q

Describe the actions of the Sans-Culottes

A
  • Invasion of The Tuileries
  • 20th June
  • 8000 demonstrators
  • Organised by the Paris Sections (represented the SC)
  • Called for Louis to remove veto + recall the Girondin ministers
  • in the short term unsuccessful–> he did not do this
35
Q

What was the impact of the Invasion of the Tuileries

A
  • when “patrie en danger” was declared there was no wgreater pressure to appease the SC
    • in order for them to fight–> they demanded the right to vote
      • right 2 vote for passive citizens granted
36
Q

Who were the Federes?

A
  • revolutionary
  • republican
  • guard
37
Q

What did the Federes demand?

A

-the removal of the king

38
Q

How many federes were there (by 1792)

A

-5000 armed men

39
Q

What did the Girondins want by July 1792?

A
  • prevention of radicalisation of the revolution/uprising
    • offered all their support IF
      • he recalled their ministers
        • Louis REFUSED
40
Q

Describe Robespierre’s speech?

A
  • 29 July 1792
    • Abandonment of current constitution
    • The overthrow of the monarchy
    • The establishment of a NA
      • universal male suffrage
    • a purge of departmental authorities (royalists)
41
Q

Describe the Brunswick Manifesto

A
  • from the commander of the AP armies
  • Stated:
    • 2 restore the liberty of Louis and his family
    • the freeing of Louis + his family + their safety
    • warned that if TP attacked + royal family harmed–>AP vengeanc
42
Q

Describe the attack on the tuileries

A
  • 10 August
  • SC + federes marched on T
  • Swiss mercenaries battled them
  • Louis ordered them to stand down
    • massacred
  • Crowd declared a new “Paris Commune”
    • Danton, Demouillez + Herbert leaders
      • LA still ruling the country as a whole but Paris under SC control
  • National Convention established- new constitution 2 be formed
  • Kind moved to prison under commune control
43
Q

Describe French defeats/struggles at the beginning of the war

A
  • Prussians captured Longwy
  • by September–> Verdun (last major fortress on the road to P., was about to surrender)
  • Paris under threat
  • Defeat in Austrian Netherlands 1792-led to desertion
  • Lafayette had defected on 17 August–> fear of treachery
44
Q

Describe Prussia’s Defeat

A
  • Battle of Valmy
  • September 1792
  • 52,000 french troops defeated 34,000 Prussians
  • Prussian retreat
  • Meant Louis no longer needed as hostage in case of invasion
45
Q

Describe the September Massacres

A
  • PC called for taking up of arms
  • Feared counter-revolutionary prisoners
  • Marat (Jacobin) -called for execution
  • 14000 Prisoners murdered
  • killed by SC
  • Caused a gap between more moderate Girondin + Jacobin
    • believed J. using SC to achieve their will
46
Q

Evaluate the reasons that France became a republic

A

-

47
Q

Describe the decision to execute Louis XVI

A
  • Jacobins/Montagnards wanted to hold trial–> feared royalist coup
  • Convention established a commission to investigate the Armoire de Fer
    • damning evidence of his correspondence with Austrian royal family
  • Marat declared that the votes would indicate traitors
    • overwhelming majority voted that L. was guilty
  • Divided in terms of whether to execute him–> 387 say yes, 288 prefer imprisonment

History AS Level:French Revolution (3 decks)

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