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A LEVEL History - The Cold War > The Origins of the Cold War > Flashcards

The Origins of the Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe Total war

A

A war where civilians are involved

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2
Q

Describe War by proxy

A

A war fought on someone or somethings behalf

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3
Q

Describe Cold war

A

Countries stop relations and there is more tension and less action

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4
Q

Who is uncle Sam

A

The USA

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5
Q

Is the USA capitalist or communist?

A

Capitalist

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6
Q

Is the USSR communist or Capitalist

A

Communist

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7
Q

Did the USSR prefer a democracy or dictatorship?

A

Dictatorship

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8
Q

What were two of the USSR’s aims

A

Reparations and buffer states

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9
Q

What was the main aim of the USA?

A

To protect democracy

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10
Q

Who was the leader of the USSR in the 1930’s

A

Joseph Stalin

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11
Q

What was the main reason for the Grand alliance?

A

Working together to defeat Hitler

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12
Q

Which three countries were involved in the Grand alliance?

A

Britain
USA
USSR

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13
Q

Who were the three presidents in the grand alliance originally?

A

Josef Stalin
Winston Churchill
Franklin Roosevelt

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14
Q

Overall which country defeated Hitler?

A

The soviet union

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15
Q

What are allies?

A

Countries working together

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16
Q

What is communism?

A

The belief that all industry should be state owned

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17
Q

What is capitalism?

A

The belief that industry should be privately owned

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18
Q

What did Britain and the USA try to do in 1918?

A

Destroy the Russian revolution

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19
Q

In 1939 what did Germany and Russia do?

A

Signed the soviet pact

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20
Q

When was the Yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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21
Q

What was the official aim of Yalta?

A

To decide what to do with the world after the war

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22
Q

Which part of the world was Stalin more concerned about during Yalta?

A

Eastern Europe

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23
Q

What was Roosevelt’s main aim at Yalta?

A
  • To build peace

- Build a future with the united nations

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24
Q

What was Churchill worried about at Yalta?

A

The USSR taking control of Eastern Europe

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25
Q

What were the four areas of agreement at Yalta?

A
  1. They set up the UN
  2. Stalin reduced his demand for seats in the UN (from 2 or 3 rather than 17)
  3. Stalin agreed that the USSR would enter the war against Japan.
  4. They decided to divide Germany into different parts
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26
Q

What were the three areas of disagreement at Yalta?

A
  1. The USSR wanted 20 million in compensation for defeating the Nazis but the USA and UK thought that was too high.
  2. Stalin wanted more control over Poland, because the USSR had been invaded twice through Poland in the last 30 years and he wanted a communist based govt there,
  3. Churchill was worried that Stalin would take over Eastern Europe
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27
Q

At the Yalta conference had Germany been defeated yet?

A

No

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28
Q

When did Roosevelt die?

A

April 1945

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29
Q

When did Hitler commit suicide?

A

April 1945 (Then Germany has been defeated)

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30
Q

What did Churchill describe the USSR as to Roosevelt after the conference?

A

‘a danger to the free world.’

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31
Q

When was the Potsdam conference?

A

July 1945

32
Q

Who had replaced Roosevelt as president of the USA?

A

President Harry Truman

33
Q

Has Germany been defeated by Potsdam?

A

Yes

34
Q

Why wasn’t Churchill at Potsdam?

A

He lost the 1945 elections

35
Q

Why didn’t Truman want to build a relationship with Stalin?

A

He said “Force is the only thing the Russians understand”

36
Q

What did Truman discover at the Potsdam conference/

A

That the atomic bomb was ready

37
Q

In response to the atomic being developed what did Stalin do/

A

He invested big money into the development of atomic bombs instead of addressing Russia’s poverty

38
Q

Who was Churchill replaced by at the Potsdam conference?

A

Clement Atlee

39
Q

What was the official aim for Potsdam?

A

To decide what to do about Germany

40
Q

What did they decide to do with Germany?

A

Split it into four parts (French, Soviet, British, American)

41
Q

What zone was the soviet zone?

A

East Germany

42
Q

When and where did the USA test the atomic bomb?

A

August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

43
Q

When did Japan surrender?

A

May 1945

44
Q

Why was the bomb dropped on Japan?

A

To show that the USA were in a strong position and were not to be messed with.

45
Q

When did Churchill make his “Iron curtain” speech?

A

March 1946

46
Q

During 1946-1947 what was Stalin doing?

A

Making sure that communist governments were coming to power in all of Eastern Europe

47
Q

Explain Churchill’s iron curtain speech. (2 marks)

A

The iron curtain was a metaphor for the soviet expansion in Eastern Europe (1 mark)
Churchill said Soviet power was growing and needed to be stopped (1 mark)

48
Q

What was comintern?

A

An alliance of communist governments to make sure they obeyed Soviet rule.

49
Q

When was comintern set up?

A

1947

50
Q

By 1946 which two countries were the only two countries in Eastern Europe that weren’t communist?

A

Greece and Turkey

51
Q

In Greece who was the govt. supported by?

A

British soldiers

52
Q

What were British soldiers helping the Government of Greece with?

A

Fighting a civil war against communists

53
Q

When did the British declare that they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers in Greece?

A

Feb 1947

54
Q

Which president stepped in and helped British soldiers stay in Greece?

A

Truman

55
Q

How did Truman help British soldiers stay in Greece?

A

He paid for it

56
Q

Which country was also in danger from Soviet expansionism?

A

Turkey

57
Q

What did the USA do in response to the Soviet expansionism in Turkey?

A

They gave Turkey aid like they did in Greece

58
Q

What is a doctrine?

A

A set of beliefs held by a certain group

59
Q

What was Truman’s new foreign policy called?

A

Truman doctrine

60
Q

What was the Truman doctrine based on?

A

Containment - Containing the spread of communism

61
Q

What was the aid in Greece described as?

A

A “Litmus test” for the takeover of communism

62
Q

When was the Truman doctrine announced?

A

March 1947

63
Q

After WW2 who had the most powerful economy on Earth?

A

The USA

64
Q

Why was the Marshall plan introduced? (4 marks)

A

At the end of world war two most of Eastern Europe was in ruins. (1 mark)
Many countries faced poverty and homelessness (1 mark)
Truman feared if those problems were not solved the countries would turn to communism (1 mark)
He offered financial aid to fix these problems (1 mark)

65
Q

What was the condition to Marshall Aid?

A

The USA decided that Marshall aid would only cover democratic countries

66
Q

Who was Marshall aid named after?

A

George Marshall

67
Q

Who was George Marshall?

A

The secretary of state for the USA

68
Q

What event in History was the Marshall aid the opposite of?

A

The treaty of Versailles in 1919

69
Q

By building up the west financially, what were they hoping to persuade the East to do?

A

Change to democracy and capitalism to live a better life, the American way with the American dream

70
Q

What was the overall sum of money that the USA gave as part of Marshall aid?

A

13 Billion dollars

71
Q

What percentage of Marshall aid was loans and grants?

A

20% Loans

80% Grants

72
Q

In response to Marshall aid what did Stalin say to countries in Comintern and Eastern Europe?

A

That he forbids any country in Eastern Europe to take Marshall Aid

73
Q

What year does Stalin threaten Czechoslovakia?

A

1948

74
Q

What was Thomas Masaryk’s (Czech politician) quote about Stalin?

A

“I went to Moscow as a head of a free state and I came back as Stalin’s slave”

75
Q

Did the Czech govt. want to take Marshall Aid?

A

Yes

76
Q

What did Stalin say he’d do if the Czech govt. took Marshall aid?

A

He said the USSR would take action

77
Q

Did the Czech Govt. take Marshall aid?

A

No

A LEVEL History - The Cold War (5 decks)

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