The Origins of the cold war

Question 1

Define the term Capitalism?

Answer 1

a system which advocates economic freedom where property and businesses are owned privately

Question 2

Define the term communism?

Answer 2

An ideology founded by Marx which argues that the upper class should be overthrown, everyone is equal and property is shared

Question 3

Who were the original people in the Grand Alliance?

Answer 3

Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt

Question 4

Did Russia and America have a history of mistrust?
Why?

Answer 4

yes.
the soviets believed that america wanted to destroy communism

Question 5

When was the Percentages agreement?

Answer 5

9 October 1944

Question 6

Who was the percentages agreement between?

Answer 6

Churchill and stalin

Question 7

What was decided at the percentages agreement?

Answer 7

it divided the states of europe into how much influence the superpowers would have over them for example in Greece britain had 90% of the influence, in romania the USSR had 90% and in Hungary it was split 50/50

Question 8

What does the percentages agreement suggest about the strengths of the Grand Alliance in 1944?

Answer 8

They are weak as Roosevelt isnt there and this was an unoffical document however at this point in time they are willing to co operate with each other dispite their ideological differences

Question 9

When was the Yalta Conference?

Answer 9

4th-11th Feb 1945

Question 10

What agreements were made at Yalta?

Answer 10

Occupied Germany would be divided into 4 zones ( USA, USSR, UK, France)
Berlin would be split in the same way
UN would be created in the future
USSR would gain land from Poland and Poland would gain land from Germany( makes Germany weaker)
Declaration of liberated europe

Question 11

What did the Declaration of Liberated Europe do?

Answer 11

ensured peace in Europe
Provide charity
Form temporary ‘broadly representative’ democratic governments in countries they occupied,
Hold elections where needed

Question 12

When was the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 12

17th July- 1st August 1945

Question 13

What changes had been made in-between Yalta and Potsdam?

Answer 13

Atlee had replaced Churchill as the British Prime Minister
Roosevelt has dies in April 1945 and was replaced with Truman
The USSR had control of a lot of Eastern Europe
The USA has developed an atomic bomb
The USSR was becoming very suspicious of the USA

Question 14

When was the Trinity test and what was it?

Answer 14

16th July 1945
When the USA developed the first successful atomic bomb

Question 15

What agreements were made at Potsdam?

Answer 15

4 D’s in Germany ( demilitarization, denazification, democratisation, decentralisation)
Germany would now be a single economic unit
The USSR would receive reparations from the soviet occupied zone in Germany + 25% from western countries

Question 16

When was Poland taken over?

Answer 16

January 1947

Question 17

When was Romania taken over?

Answer 17

November 1946

Question 18

When was Bulgaria taken over?

Answer 18

October 1946

Question 19

When was Hungary taken over?

Answer 19

August 1947

Question 20

When was Czechoslovakia taken over?

Answer 20

June 1948

Question 21

When was Cominform created?

Answer 21

September 1947

Question 22

What was the purpose of Cominform?

Answer 22

The purpose of Cominform was to consolidate the power of the communist bloc by coordinating the roles and actions of communist groups throughout Europe.

Question 23

What was Cominform a response to ?

Answer 23

The Marshall plan and Truman doctrine

Question 24

What was the Bolshoi speech and when was it?

Answer 24

February 1946
Stalin gave a speech about the Russian election and made attacks on capitalist views and some American politics took it as a treat of war

Question 25

When was the long telegram and what was it?

Answer 25

the long telegram was issued in February 1946 written by Kennan and contained information on what he thought the soviets intended to do in the future.

Question 26

What came first the Bolshoi speech or the Long telegram?

Answer 26

Bolshoi speech

Question 27

When was the iron curtain speech?

Answer 27

6th March 1946

Question 28

What impact did the Iron curtain speech have?

Answer 28

it meant that the USA ns USSR worsened the relations as even though the speech came from Churchill it was given in the US with Truman present implying he supported what Churchill was saying

Question 29

When was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 29

12th March 1947

Question 30

What else was the Truman Doctrine referred to as?

Answer 30

the policy of containment

Question 31

What were some motives for the Truman doctrine?

Answer 31

Protect democracy and capitalist ideas
Excuse the USA’s involvement in Europe
Help protect the USA’s economic interests
Annoy Stalin/ intimidate the USSR
Enable the USSR to become a global power

Question 32

What did the Marshall plan do?

Answer 32

Provided $13.5 billion in financial aid to Western European countries in the hope they wouldn’t fall into communism

Question 33

When was the Marshall plan released?

Answer 33

5th June 1947

Question 34

Why was the Marshall Plan put in place?

Answer 34

Riseing support for communism
Food productions in europe was 2/3rds of pre war level and some people were consuming less thaan 1000 calories a day
Communist lead strikes in italy 1947