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Biology 10 > The Organelles > Flashcards

The Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the position of the mitochondria.

A

The mitochondria is mainly found in the cytoplasm usually in active cells such as those in muscles and liver.

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2
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria.

A

The Cristae- folds of inner membrane that increase the surface area for chemical reactions of cellular respiration.
The matrix - liquid substance
Ribosomes - produce enzymes that speed up chemical reactions of cellular respiration.
Outer membrane

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3
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Cellular respiration - stored chemical energy glucose ( C6H12O6 )is made available in usable energy (ATP).

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4
Q

Describe the position of the ribosomes

A

In the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum ( Rough ER )
mitochondria
chloroplasts

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5
Q

Describe the structure of the ribosomes.

A

No membrane surrounding
Made up of a collection of protein
ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

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6
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis.

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7
Q

Describe the position of the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

The endoplasmic reticulum form is a network of membranes throughout the cell spreading through the cytoplasm.
It can be connected to the cell membrane or the nuclear membrane.
It can be incontact with the Golgi bodies.

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Cisternae- tube-like membranes that are flattened to form plate-like structures.
RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum ( surrounded by ribosomes )
SER - smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( no ribosomes )

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9
Q

Name the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum in terms of ribosomes.

A

SER - process, package and transport of lipids.
RER - protein synthesis.

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10
Q

Name the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Transporting substances through the cytoplasm from one side of the cell to another.
It provides a huge internal surface area for chemical reactions to take place.

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11
Q

Describe the position of the Golgi body.

A

Mainly present in cells that are found in glands that secrete mucus.
Abundant in nerve cells.

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the Golgi body.

A

Vesicle ( pinches off at the end of cisternae)- transport system for enzymes, secretions, proteins etc.
Cisternae - stack membranous sacs filled with fluid.

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13
Q

What is the difference in structure between endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body?

A

ER - tube-like membranes that form a network of membrane passages.
Golgi body - stacks of membrane sacs ( pancakes )

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14
Q

What is it called when a vesicle is transporting an enzyme.

A

Lysosome

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15
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi body?

A

Secretions - mucus, secretory enzymes ( digestion ), proteins.
Prepare proteins for transport around cell.
- modify proteins forming glycoproteins
- proteins transported in vesicles
- proteins received from ER.

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16
Q

What are the three different types of plastids?

A

Chloroplasts - food production
Leucoplast - food storage
Chromoplast - pigment

17
Q

Give an interesting fact of plastids?

A

Plasters can change from one form to another.

18
Q

Where are chloroplasts found?

A

Present in the cells of the green parts of the plant, exposed to sunlight.

19
Q

Name the structure of the chloroplast.

A

Thylakoids - chlorophyll
Granum - stack of thylakoids
Starch granules - stores glucose as starch
Oil droplets
double membrane
ribosomes - provide enzymes necessary for photosynthesis

20
Q

The function of the chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis.

21
Q

Describe the position of leucoplasts.

A

Found mainly in storage organs like a tuber - potato.

22
Q

Describe the structure of a leucoplast.

A

Colourless plastids 

23
Q

What is the function of a leucoplast.

A

Storage of food - especially starch.

24
Q

What other plastids do leucoplasts change to?

A

Chloroplasts.
If a potato is left in the sunlight it’s leucoplasts will change to chloroplasts and it will become a green potato.

25
Q

Describe the position and structure of chromoplastS.

A

Found in the cells of fruits and flowers.
They are small organelles that contain pigments of orange, yellow and red.

26
Q

What is the function of the chromoplast.

A

Provide colour to fruits and flowers.
The pigmented flowers are very important as the tract pollinating agents like a birds and insects

27
Q

What are the functions of a vacuole?

A

Storage - dissolved substances like minerals, pigments, sugars
Support and rigidity - vacuole filled with cell sap and water creating pressure against cell wall - TURGOR PRESSURE

28
Q

What are the 4 special types of vacuoles?

A

Contractile vacuole
food vacuole
vesicle
lysosome

29
Q

Are centrosomes only found in plant or animal cells?

A

Animal cells

30
Q

Describe the structure of the centrosome.

A

2 cylindrical structures - centrioles = 9 fibrils forming microtubules

31
Q

What is the function of the centrosome?

A

Formation of spindle during mitosis.

32
Q

Name the 9 organelles of the cell

A

1) Cytoplasm
2) Nucleus
3) Mitochondria
4) Ribosomes
5) ER
6) Golgi Body
7) Plastids
8) Vacuole
9) Centrosome

Biology 10 (6 decks)

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