The Organelles Flashcards
Describe the position of the mitochondria.
The mitochondria is mainly found in the cytoplasm usually in active cells such as those in muscles and liver.
Describe the structure of the mitochondria.
The Cristae- folds of inner membrane that increase the surface area for chemical reactions of cellular respiration.
The matrix - liquid substance
Ribosomes - produce enzymes that speed up chemical reactions of cellular respiration.
Outer membrane
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration - stored chemical energy glucose ( C6H12O6 )is made available in usable energy (ATP).
Describe the position of the ribosomes
In the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum ( Rough ER )
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Describe the structure of the ribosomes.
No membrane surrounding
Made up of a collection of protein
ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
Describe the position of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The endoplasmic reticulum form is a network of membranes throughout the cell spreading through the cytoplasm.
It can be connected to the cell membrane or the nuclear membrane.
It can be incontact with the Golgi bodies.
Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cisternae- tube-like membranes that are flattened to form plate-like structures.
RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum ( surrounded by ribosomes )
SER - smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( no ribosomes )
Name the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum in terms of ribosomes.
SER - process, package and transport of lipids.
RER - protein synthesis.
Name the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Transporting substances through the cytoplasm from one side of the cell to another.
It provides a huge internal surface area for chemical reactions to take place.
Describe the position of the Golgi body.
Mainly present in cells that are found in glands that secrete mucus.
Abundant in nerve cells.
Describe the structure of the Golgi body.
Vesicle ( pinches off at the end of cisternae)- transport system for enzymes, secretions, proteins etc.
Cisternae - stack membranous sacs filled with fluid.
What is the difference in structure between endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body?
ER - tube-like membranes that form a network of membrane passages.
Golgi body - stacks of membrane sacs ( pancakes )
What is it called when a vesicle is transporting an enzyme.
Lysosome
What are the functions of the Golgi body?
Secretions - mucus, secretory enzymes ( digestion ), proteins.
Prepare proteins for transport around cell.
- modify proteins forming glycoproteins
- proteins transported in vesicles
- proteins received from ER.