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Ageing and staying well > The orbital cavity: eye and lacrimal apparatus > Flashcards

The orbital cavity: eye and lacrimal apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

The medial orbital wall consists of four bones

A

the frontal process of the maxillary bone: the lacrimal bone, the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone, and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

SO attaches to orbit

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2
Q

difference between the axis of the eyeball (parallel) and axis of the orbit ( divergent)

A

axis of the eyeballs stragtiht through the eye straight whereas axis of the orbit is more triangular at base of pyramid from the base of pyramid

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3
Q

roof or orbit formed by

A

frontal bone

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4
Q

inferior wall of orbit formed by

A

maxilla and zygomatic

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5
Q

medial wall of orbit

A

SELMn sphenoid ethmoid and lacrimal and maxilla

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6
Q

lateral wall

A

zygomatic bone and sphenoid greater wing

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7
Q

apex id the opening to

A

optic canal

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8
Q

what muscles close the eyelids

inneravtion

A

orbicularis oculi

facial N. -7 hook close

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9
Q

what muscle lifts the upper eyelid to open eyes

A

levator palpeerde superioris

oculomotor nerve - hold eye open

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10
Q

droopy eyelid

A

interrupted sympathetic supply to mullers muscle

or ocuclomot nerve due to levator palpeerde superioris

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11
Q

what glands lubricate eyelash lids

A

tarsal glands - long sebaceous glands

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12
Q

lacrimal gland is made up of two bits the larger orbital gland and smaller palpebral gland. 12 ducts drain into the superior conjunctival fornix what nerve supply to this gland

A

7th cranial nerve initially and jumps onto the maxillary nerve and zygomatic branch then finally lacrimal branch

Vivian nerve/greater petrosal nerve

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13
Q

contraction of lateral rectus

A

moves eye laterally

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14
Q

contraction of superior rectus muscle

A

moves eye up and medially

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15
Q

suprieiro oblique contraction

A

eye down and out /laterlly

incyclptrosion

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16
Q

inferior oblique up and out

A

abduction and elevation and excyclotorsion

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17
Q

testing the eyes

SR

A

look laterally and up

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18
Q

testing IR

A

look laterally and down

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19
Q

testing LR

A

laterally

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20
Q

testing MR

A

look medially

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21
Q

IO testing

A

look medially and up

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22
Q

SO testing

A

medially and down

23
Q

right eye normal left eye is very medial what is the problem

A

palsy to laterally rectus muscle as there is no muscle tone pulling the eye laterally therefore the abducnets nerve had been palsied

24
Q

left eye normal
right eye is laterally and depressed - down and out what nerve palsy
also droopy eyelid lost levator plapeioirs
pupils dilated too - parasymptathic nerve repsonse lost

A

oculomotor never nerve injury

damage to IO and IR

25
Q

right eye fine
left eye up and medially
probably with head tilt

A

trochelar nerve injury - superior oblique

26
Q

3 layers of the eyeball

A

fibrous
vascular
inner layer

27
Q

what is contained in the fibrous layer of th eye

A

sclera and cornea

28
Q

Papilledema

no pain §

A

Papilledema is swelling of your optic nerve, which connects the eye and brain. This swelling is a reaction to a buildup of pressure in or around your brain that may have many causes. Often, it’s a warning sign of a serious medical condition that needs attention, such as a brain tumor or hemorrhage

In patients with papilledema, vision is usually not affected initially, but seconds-long graying out of vision, flickering, or blurred or double vision may occur. Patients may have symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache or nausea and vomiting. Pain is absent.

29
Q

junction where sclera meet the cornea

A

limbus

30
Q

treatment fro retinal detachment

A

scleral buckle

31
Q

sclera icterus - due to hepatic failure and jaundice

A

yellow eyes - bilirubin build up

32
Q

red blood shot eye due to to

A

vessel dilating - sign of allergic reaction or irritation

33
Q

what is conjunctiva

A

tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera

34
Q

corneal abrasion - scratch on eye

A

most people recover in few days

35
Q

keratoconus

sx

A

cornea forms a cone the black bit of the eye looks like it is dropping eye
cannot focus as well centrally

36
Q

vascular layer of th eye is composed of

A

choroid , ciliary body and iris

37
Q

iris is like a diaphragm

ciliary body controls shape of

A

the lens

38
Q

nerve supply of ciliary muscles

A

CN3 - para supply and ganglion close to eyeball

39
Q

ciliary muscle does what

A

lgimanets pull lens out

when it contract it relaxes suspensor ligaments and the lens become more spherical

40
Q

ctatcarct surrgyer

A

phacoemulsifcation

inside of lens stopped out and replaced with a plastic one

41
Q

parasympathetic stimulation causes circular muscle to contract - constrict

synpathetic stimulation causes radial muscle to contact - dilate

all consoled by what

A

iris

42
Q

horners syndorme

A

ptosis - one eye ( two could be problem with mysathneai)

anhidrosis and misois ( constructed pupil)

constricted pupil , misois and ptosis

43
Q

drugs fro dilating pupils - mydriatic medications

A

tropicamide and atropine ( parasympathetic antagonist)

gives opthalmogist a better view of retina and optic nerve

contracts the radial pupil smooth muscle making it much bigger and clearer to see

44
Q

inner eyes contain the retina

rods and cones what is the difference

A

rods see black and white - used at night - sensitive to low light conditions - rods are mainly round periphery of your retina so look out the corner of your eye

cones - work ind daylight conditions - colour and tightly packed in the centre of the retina to get high reolstuion in the centre of your eye

colour vision evolved when we ate fruits seeing red apple against leaves

3cones
blue - chromosome 7
red and green - x chrosmoem - which is why you get red green colourblindness most commonly in males - inherited from the mum

45
Q

centre of retina called

A

macula - got a yellow pigment

retina ends at ora serratus at the peripheries

46
Q

under light ophthalmoscope where do you find the macular and optic disc

A

macular is dead centre and optic disc is towards the right edge - medially aspect of the eye

47
Q

age related macular degeneration - blinds rare

sx

A

forms a cloud in the centre of the pcitreu

yellow drusen - loss of sensory cells and get colour vision loss and lose centra vision

wet and dry

dry - build uo
wet - get new vessel formation - treated with lcuentivez stop progression

48
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

dangerous for driving

49
Q

ant chamber and post chamber either side of the

A

iris

50
Q

what fluid in ant chamber

A

aqueous humour

51
Q

what fluid in post chamber

A

vitreous chamber

has hyaloid canal - can get a vessel

if it drops off and forms floaters in the ey - look like colourless worms of hair

52
Q

pending retinal detachment

A

eye floaters due to vitreous humour

vitrectomy procedure

53
Q

aqueous humour ha high turn over

too high build of aqueous humour causes what

A

glaucoma - blockage to canal of schlem

Glaucoma Causes:
1. Insufficient drainage of Canals of
Schelm then veins
2. Iridocorneal angle could narrow
 Treatment:
1. Drugs improving the flow at the
Canals of Schelm (drugs similar to
prostaglandins)
2. Decreasing aqeous humour
production (beta

-adrenergic

receptor antagonists)
3. Vasoconstriction of arteries of the
ciliary body (epinephrine)
4. Insertion of glaucoma drainage
implants

Ageing and staying well (11 decks)

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