The Opponents Of Tsardom Flashcards
What opposition groups were Reformists
The union of liberation, octoberists and Kadets
What are opposition groups were revolutionaries
The social revolutionaries, populists, the social Democrats
Order the opposition groups in chronological order of dates of creation
1) Populism 1870s. 2) social revolutionaries 1890s. 3) the social Democrats 1898. 4) the union of liberation 1903. 5) octoberists and Kadets in 1905
Who were the populists
A Revolutionary group that’s main goal was overthrowing the tsar regime.
Who were the leaders of the populist opposition group
Educated middle and upperclassmen
What were the populist tactics
‘Going to the people’ policy which meant going from universities to Countryside to turn peasants into revolutionaries
Was populism successful
No because the peasants did not trust the middle classmen and often turned populism into terrorism through frustration that it wasn’t working. Eg the people’s will who assassinated Alexander II
What was the social revolutionary opposition group
A peasant Revolution group to replace a Tsarist government by a democratic Republic. At the first Congress in 1906 the sr party committed itself to revolutionary socialism giving a pledge to end private ownership
Who was the leader of the social revolutionary opposition group
Victor Chernov
Was the social revolutionaries successful
No. It was not well organised and a split between moderates and Radicals
What were the social revolutionary tactics
Between 1901 and 1905 they were responsible for over 2,000 political assassinations including Plehve, the interior minister and the tsar’s uncle the grand Duke Sergei
What were the social Democrats in the early days
It was opposition group who’s aims was to achieve Revolution in Russia by following the ideas of Karl Marx in order to have a classless society
What did Marx say determined human behaviour
Class struggle which is the continuing conflict at every stage between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
Who was the leader of the early social Democrats
George Plekhanov who translated Marx’s writing from German to Russian
Why was there a split between the social Democrats in 1903
Lenin alongside others criticized Plekhanov for being more interested in reform than Revolution
Who were the bolsheviks (majority) led by
Lenin
What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on revolution
Mensheviks - Not yet ready for proletarian Revolution - the Bourgeois they just to occur first. Bolsheviks - the Bourgeois and proletarian stages could be mixed into one revolution
What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on the party
M - A mass organisation with membership open to all revolutionaries. B - a tighten knit exclusive organisation of professional revolutionaries
What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on decision making
M - open democratic discussion within the party decisions arrived at votes. B - authority to be exercised by centralisation
What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on strategy
M - Alliance with all other revolutionary parties and support a trade unions in pursuing better wages and conditions for workers. B - no corporation with other parties. the aim was to turn workers into evolutionaries
What was the union of liberation
It was a reformist opposition group whose was goal was to point out common ground between in various liberal groups and to bring limitations to the Tsar’s power through constitutional monarchy.
Who was the leader of the Union of liberation
Milyukov and Struve
Was the union of liberation successful
No because it was unable to create a single reforming movement
What were the octoberists
Reformist opposition group who believed in constitutional monarchy in order to receive change in larger commercial, industrial and land owning sectors
Who were the leaders of the Octoberists
Guchkov and Rodzianko
Were the Octobrists successful
No because they were often dismissed by revolutionaries who judge them as short-sighted or incompetent
Who or what were the Kadets
A reformers opposition group whose goal was to develop as a constitutional monarchy where there would be able to settle the nations outstanding social, political, l and economic problems.
What was the Kadet programme
Fully quality in civil rights, the ending of censorship, the abolition of mortgage repayments, the recognition of trade unions and free education
Were the Kadets successful
No. Lenin judged them as politically naive
