The Opponents Of Tsardom

Question 1

What opposition groups were Reformists

Answer 1

The union of liberation, octoberists and Kadets

Question 2

What are opposition groups were revolutionaries

Answer 2

The social revolutionaries, populists, the social Democrats

Question 3

Order the opposition groups in chronological order of dates of creation

Answer 3

1) Populism 1870s. 2) social revolutionaries 1890s. 3) the social Democrats 1898. 4) the union of liberation 1903. 5) octoberists and Kadets in 1905

Question 4

Who were the populists

Answer 4

A Revolutionary group that’s main goal was overthrowing the tsar regime.

Question 5

Who were the leaders of the populist opposition group

Answer 5

Educated middle and upperclassmen

Question 6

What were the populist tactics

Answer 6

‘Going to the people’ policy which meant going from universities to Countryside to turn peasants into revolutionaries

Question 7

Was populism successful

Answer 7

No because the peasants did not trust the middle classmen and often turned populism into terrorism through frustration that it wasn’t working. Eg the people’s will who assassinated Alexander II

Question 8

What was the social revolutionary opposition group

Answer 8

A peasant Revolution group to replace a Tsarist government by a democratic Republic. At the first Congress in 1906 the sr party committed itself to revolutionary socialism giving a pledge to end private ownership

Question 9

Who was the leader of the social revolutionary opposition group

Answer 9

Victor Chernov

Question 10

Was the social revolutionaries successful

Answer 10

No. It was not well organised and a split between moderates and Radicals

Question 11

What were the social revolutionary tactics

Answer 11

Between 1901 and 1905 they were responsible for over 2,000 political assassinations including Plehve, the interior minister and the tsar’s uncle the grand Duke Sergei

Question 12

What were the social Democrats in the early days

Answer 12

It was opposition group who’s aims was to achieve Revolution in Russia by following the ideas of Karl Marx in order to have a classless society

Question 13

What did Marx say determined human behaviour

Answer 13

Class struggle which is the continuing conflict at every stage between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Question 14

Who was the leader of the early social Democrats

Answer 14

George Plekhanov who translated Marx’s writing from German to Russian

Question 15

Why was there a split between the social Democrats in 1903

Answer 15

Lenin alongside others criticized Plekhanov for being more interested in reform than Revolution

Question 16

Who were the bolsheviks (majority) led by

Answer 16

Lenin

Question 17

What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on revolution

Answer 17

Mensheviks - Not yet ready for proletarian Revolution - the Bourgeois they just to occur first. Bolsheviks - the Bourgeois and proletarian stages could be mixed into one revolution

Question 18

What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on the party

Answer 18

M - A mass organisation with membership open to all revolutionaries. B - a tighten knit exclusive organisation of professional revolutionaries

Question 19

What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on decision making

Answer 19

M - open democratic discussion within the party decisions arrived at votes. B - authority to be exercised by centralisation

Question 20

What were the mensheviks vs the bolsheviks view on strategy

Answer 20

M - Alliance with all other revolutionary parties and support a trade unions in pursuing better wages and conditions for workers. B - no corporation with other parties. the aim was to turn workers into evolutionaries

Question 21

What was the union of liberation

Answer 21

It was a reformist opposition group whose was goal was to point out common ground between in various liberal groups and to bring limitations to the Tsar’s power through constitutional monarchy.

Question 22

Who was the leader of the Union of liberation

Answer 22

Milyukov and Struve

Question 23

Was the union of liberation successful

Answer 23

No because it was unable to create a single reforming movement

Question 24

What were the octoberists

Answer 24

Reformist opposition group who believed in constitutional monarchy in order to receive change in larger commercial, industrial and land owning sectors

Question 25

Who were the leaders of the Octoberists

Answer 25

Guchkov and Rodzianko

Question 26

Were the Octobrists successful

Answer 26

No because they were often dismissed by revolutionaries who judge them as short-sighted or incompetent

Question 27

Who or what were the Kadets

Answer 27

A reformers opposition group whose goal was to develop as a constitutional monarchy where there would be able to settle the nations outstanding social, political, l and economic problems.

Question 28

What was the Kadet programme

Answer 28

Fully quality in civil rights, the ending of censorship, the abolition of mortgage repayments, the recognition of trade unions and free education

Question 29

Were the Kadets successful

Answer 29

No. Lenin judged them as politically naive