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The Ontological Argument Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ontological argument

A

the ontological argument is an a priori argument based on inductive reasoning.This argument was created by anselm.The argument is analytic - the truth or falsity of an analytic statement is determined by the meanings of the words and symbols described to express it.

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2
Q

what is the ontological argument based on

A

the argument is based on the principle that the word god is an analytic term which conveys everything that there is about god , including his necessary existence which derives from his supreme perfection

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3
Q

ao2 for the ontological argument

A
  • we expect god to be the same thing. this proves that god exists
  • if nothing is perfect , how do you know what perfect is
    PERFECTION IS SUBJECTIVE , ITS OPEN TO ANYTHING
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4
Q

Who is anselm

A

anselm was the arch bishop of canterbury

anselms arguments was based on the premise that god exists

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5
Q

counter arguments for the existence of god

A

everyone has some version of perfection maybe we can understand god to be perfect

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6
Q

first form of the ontological argument

it consists of premises

A

Premise 1 - god is nothing of which greater can be concieved
Premise 2 - that which nothing greater can be concieved must contain all perfections including the PERFECTION OF EXISTENCE
Premise 3 if god only consists as a contingent and necessary being, then a greater being could be imagined
p4- GOD MUST EXIST

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7
Q

define aseity

A

when something is existing in and of itself, it is not dependant on anything

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8
Q

second form of the ontological argument

A

p1- god is the greatest possible being
p2- it is greater to be a necessary than a contingent being
p4-if god exists as a contingent being, then a greater being could be imagined
p5-God is therefore a necessary being

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9
Q

what is a deductive argument

A

an argument which then the conclusion must be true

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10
Q

predicate

A

something that adds to our concept of the subject

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11
Q

what is a necessary being

A

a being whose non existence is logically impossible

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12
Q

Descartes

A

i think therefore i am

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13
Q

what does Anselm say about the ontological argument

A

he says “god is a being so great that no greater being can be thought of “

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14
Q

criticism of anselm : guanilo - the notion of perfect island

A

Guanilo demonstrated that Anselm argument attempted to define things into existence and would lead to absurd conclusions if applied to anything
A03: just because you can think of something, doesnt mean that it can exist

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15
Q

what are the premises of Guanilo

A

Premise 1- i can conceive of an island that no greater island can be thought
premise 2- such and island must posses all possessions
premise 3-existence is a perfection
therefore the island exists

anselm stated that his premise was only to apply to god as he is a necessary being

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16
Q

descartes ontological argument

A

descartes set out his argument through his book.He also set out premises
premise 1 - god is supremely a perfect being
premise 2 -because god is a supremely perfect being he possess all perfections
premise 3 - this perfect state includes existence which is a perfection. existence is a predicate of a perfect being

17
Q

criticism for the ontological argument

A

russell argues that existence cannot be a predicate

THERFORE, EXISTENCE IS NOT A PROPERTY OF THINGS, IT IS MORE A NUMERICAL CONCEPT

18
Q

Alvin plantinga

A

developed a new way of expressing aseity ( something existing in itself).
Plantinga developed the idea of maximum greatness. A being with maximal greatness will exist in every possible world

therefore, god is a necessary being in all worlds

19
Q

What are the strengths of the ontological argument

A

it holds out the hope of a proof- it is a deductive argument.If valid, it would be proof for both religious believer and atheist
it is reasonable - there are good reasons to consider the argument

20
Q

what is inductive reasoning

A

inductive reasoning is the bottom up approach, logically certain of a conclusion

21
Q

Reductio ad adsurdum

A

This method of reasoning aims to demonstrate the truth of something by reducing it to the absurdity

22
Q

What do Bertrand Russell say

A

Is there anything we can think of which we can think of it is shown to exist outside our thought?

23
Q

Psalm 53

A

The fool has said in their heart that there is no god

24
Q

Strengths of the argument

A

It holds out hope, it will be proof for a believer and atheist

Intellectually stimulating argument

25
Q

What is the ontological argument?

A

The argument rests on the premise that there is a universe but it depends on something else to exist

It provides necessary explanation in the existence of a perfect being z

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