The Old Days Flashcards
Green 2002
Hamilton is considered by historians and biographers to be the administrative genius of the founding era. Green’s purpose is to describe Hamilton’s administrative theory and practice. Four interconnected pillars: politics, organization design, ethics, and law.
Political Pillar
Green 2002
PA must conform in its operations with the basic political character and principles of the regime. American people possessed a strong commercial bent committed to a commercial Constitutional republic. Hamilton defined PA in Federalist 72 as comprising All the operations of the body politic, whether legislative, executive, or judiciary in its most usual and perhaps in its most precise signification as limited to executive details, falling peculiarly within the province of the executive department.
Organization Design Pillar
Green 2002
National federal government possessing competence and power, or “high tone” in order to make it effective in protecting rights and securing the blessings of liberty. Double security of federalism - guaranteed new national gov’t could not usurp all governing powers. Partial agency gives each brand some independence, but promotes specialization. Fosters dependency among branches. It allows for integration of the three powers. Rohr (1986) subordinate constitutional PA must often choose among their masters. Energy in the executive and long tenure in office.
Ethics Pillar
Green 2002
Administrative responsibility. Public administrator must have a reasonable income, symbolic accessories and recognition, and reasonable prospect of promotion, and power to excite officials about making a difference. Professional bearing in the workplace.
Legal Pillar
Green 2002
PA rooted in the principle of law. Liberal construction of law, but defined by limits set forth in the Constitution. Implied and resulting powers. National supremacy, with the executive best suited to make well digested plans. Judicial review of Congressional action.
Green 2002
Hamilton’s image of PA is modern and liberal in promoting individualism and economic prosperity. Contrasts with 20th century conception of overhead democracy and corporate CEO structures with neutrally responsible administrations. Argues against those who call for a science as a universal foundation for the field.
Beyond Woodrow Wilson
Rutgers 1997
Rutgers argues that the historical horizon of the study of PA should be taken beyond Wilson’s time, to uncover surprisingly modern ideas in historical texts, but to rethink our present day decision. Calls for a discourse of the study of PA, not specific objects of study. Writings of the medieval and renaissance period concern themselves with the polity. Early 19th century conception of rechstaat (state ruled by law). Late 19th century becomes defined as the application of law in society at large. And, positive and empricism become important departing from Kant. 19th century industrialisation brings social problems. 19th century ushers in the conception of the administrative state. 20th century focuses more of PA as a secondary study of law. 350 years of PA discourse. Needed is a new and coherent paradigm of PA. Different approaches foster coherence.
Paradigms of Public Administration
Henry
1900-1926: Politics-administration dichotomy. Where should PA lie? Goodnow asserted in the government bureaucracy. Politics and administration should not intrude on one another.
1927-1937: Principles of Administration. 1927 F.W. Willoughby’s publishes second text on PA. PA could be a value free science in its own right. This strengthened the politics-administration dichotomy corresponding to a value/fact dichotomy.
1938-1950: Rejection of the politics-administration dichotomy, and principles of administration were logically inconsistent. No such thing as a principle of administration.
1947-1950: The Reaction to the Challenge: Rejection of PA as a “pure science” as it might lose touch with political and social realities. PA is political science, that is, the public policy making process.
1950-1970: Administration as PS. Locus of PA in government bureaucracy. Reestablished a link between PA and PS.
1970-?: Debates about public versus private wanes, and focus becomes on inextricably related areas of policy science, political economy, and public policy making process.
