The Oil Rig Flashcards
What are the 5 most important systems on the rig?
- Power system
- Hoisting system
- Rotating system
- Circulating system
- Blowout Prevention system
What is a derrick?
A 4-sided structure of sufficient height and strength to allow lowering and raising equipment in and out of the well
What is the drill floor?
Where joints of pipe, drilling bits and BHA are assembled
What does the substructure do?
Provides support for the derrick and provides space for well control equipment
What is the crown block?
Static assembly of sheaves located at the top of the derrick? Reeving the drill line around the crown block provides the mechanical advantage
What is the travelling block and hook?
Similar to the crown block, but it is not fixed. The hook connects the travelling block to the swivel. Travelling block rises and falls in the derrick to raise and lower equipment
What is the drawworks?
The hoisting mechanism the lift and lower objects in and out of the hole
What is the drilling line?
A wire rope made up of a metal core used to raise and lower equipment during drilling and completion
What is the deadline anchor?
The device to which the deadline is attached and consists of a base and a rotating drum that is attached to the rig floor or substructure
What is the storage reel?
Where the drilling line is stored
What are the main components of the kelly system?
- Rotary table and master bushing
- Kelly and kelly bushing
- Swivel
- Drill string and BHA
What is the rotary table and master bushing?
Rotating section of the drill floor that transfers the rotational motion to the kelly through the master bushing. Master bushing also acts as seat for slips to hold drill string suspended in the hole
What is the kelly and kelly bushing?
Square of hexagonal shaped pipe which is used to transfer the rotation movement from the rotary table to the drill string. Kelly passes through kelly bushings. Bushings have drive pins to locate into the master bushings of the rotary table
What is the swivel?
A mechanical device that prevents the motion of the kelly being transferred to the drilling line. Fixed connection to the hoisting system
What are the main components of a drill string?
- Drill pipe
- Drill collars
- Heavy wall drill pipe
- Drill bit
- Drilling accessories (stabilisers)
What is a drill string?
Transmits energy required to break rock formation. Guides and controls the trajectory of the bit
What is a drill pipe?
Seamless steel pipe with upsets at each end
What are drill collars?
Put weight on the drill bit while keeping the drill pipe in tension
What is a heavy wall drill pipe?
Ensures drill pipe is always kept in tension
What are stabilisers?
Equipment which are placed above the drill bit and along the BHA
What are drill bits?
Crushes the rock under the combined action of weight and rotary speed
What is the mud tank?
Tank where the drilling mud is kept
What are mud pumps?
Consists of a reciprocating piston inside a cylinder which will create pressure and volume.
What is a stand pipe?
A rigid metal pipe that provides the high-pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel approximately one-third of the way up the derrick, where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose.
What is the rotary hose?
Large-diameter high-pressure flexible line used to connect the standpipe to the swivel.
What is the gooseneck?
An inverted “U” shaped section of rigid piping normally used as a conduit for high-pressure drilling fluid.
What is a shale shaker?
A vibrating sieve used to remove drilling solids from the mud
What is a degasser?
A device that removes air of gases from drilling fluids
What is a desander?
A hydrocyclone device that removes large drill solids from the mud system
What is a desilter?
A hydroclone much like a desander except that has a greater number of smaller cones. Its purpose is to remove unwanted smaller solids from the mud system.
What is a Blow Out?
“uncontrolled influx of formation fluid which has sufficient pressure to cause damage to rig equipment and injury to rig personnel”
What is a Blow Out Preventer?
Large valve placed at the top of the well which may be closed if the well starts kicking or blowing out
What is an annular BOP?
Designed to shut around any size or shaped equipment that runs through the hole. Made of synthetic rubber with steel ribs in a doughnut shape
What are 3 types of ram type preventers?
- Pipe Ram BOP
- Blind Ram BOP
- Shear Ram BOP
What is a BOP stack?
A combination of blowout preventers connected on the top of the well
What is a choke line?
Tubing used to remove the influx of formation from the well?
What is a kill line?
Tubing used to pump the mud inside the well to stop the kick or blow out
