The Objects Flashcards
When was king Arthur’s round table thought to be made
1290, for tournament in honour of the betrothal of one of Edward I’s daughters
When was the round table painted
During the reign of Henry VIII
From when has the the table been hanging on the wall
1540
What is the diameter of the round table
5.5 meters
How heavy is the round table
1200kg
What is the round table made from
English oak
How does the round table link to the Tudors ?
- Tudor rose at the centre of the table
- Portrait of Arthur actually painted to likeness of Henry VIII
Why is King Arthur a good person to link oneself too
Stories of Arthur embody many of chivalric ideals
Great and true king of England
Why did people initial think that table was repainted
For the visit of the holy roman emperor Charles V 1522 state visit
Why did people think this about the table and Charles V
Because other displays alluded to both Henry and Charles liniage.
Reason that Martin bridle suggests for tables painting
That in 1516 moment it seemed to Henry and Wolsey that there was some hope that Henry might be elected emperor .. Using powerful connections to Arthur.
When was Henry VIII and Anne of cleves bed head made ?
1539
What does the bed heads middle inscription read ?
Describes Henry’s titles . . . King of England, king of France, Lord of Ireland and head of the Church of England
What is in the bed heads left panel
The royal motto
What is in the bed heads right panel
The initials of Henry and Anne
What does the male carving represent
Henry
Has large codpiece
What does the bed heads carved woman represent
Anne
Meek and mild
Holding sword and serpent, bit phallic symbols
What are some of the other carvings on the bed and what do they represent ?
Symbol of baby = hope for fruitful relationship
Cherubs = chubby babies
When was Henry and Anne’s marraige annulled ?
9th July 1540 .. Apparently never consummated
What did Henry and Anne allegedly do on their wedding night ?
Play cards
What can the carving of Henry in the bed head link to ?
Hans holbein’s painting of Henry VIII
How was hans holbein’s the younger painting of Henry VIII lost
In a fire at Tudor place Whitehall London in 1689
When was holbein’s painting done
1536 in the months following the worst year of Henry’s reign
Why was 1536 a bad year
Because after 27 year on throne Henry still had no male heir
Who writes about Henry in holbein’s painting
Tatiana string
What are the elements of holbein’s painting that string point to as being paramount in the construction of Henry’s masculine identity
- muscular legs
- broad shoulders
- codpiece, prominent body arranged so that it is the focal point
- beard
What does string suggest was Henry’s main aim
‘Henry’s aim was to assert himself as the prime alpha male’
What replaces the codpiece in Elizabeth I armada painting
A pearl that quotes directly from holbein’s image . The queen who had the body of a woman here has a small but potent part of the body of a man , not just any man but her father .. Image represents military success .. Shows her ability to transcend gender role
Where is the legendary king authors round table
Hanging on wall in Winchester cathedral
When is the gold angel coin from
Reign of Charles I (1625-49)
When was the practice of giving angel coins first introduced?
1465
Why was it called an angel coin?
Because on obverse side the archangel Michael is depicted
What is the inscription on our angel coin?
‘The love of the people is the Kings protection’
Why does the coin have a whole through it
Has been pierced so could be worn on body as pendant
Why were people given angel coins?
To highlight that they had taken part in the ceremony know and ‘touching the Kings evil’
What was touching the Kings evil believed to cure ?
Scrofula, eg. Tuberculosis
What item shows that people believed royaltys toutch could heal ?
Angel coin. Touching the Kings evil. Practiced in England and France
What was scrofula ?
Swelling of the lymph nodes caused by tuberculosis
When and who did the practice of touching the Kings evil begin with ?
Began 1004-1066 with Edward the confessor … Subsequent english and French Kings were though to have inherited this royal touch
By the 1400s what did people believe the coin could do ?
You could also be cured by touching the coin because it had been touched by the monarch .. Pretty similar in a way to relics.
Who’s reading did we study regarding the royal touch
Carol levin ‘Elizabeth as monarch’
Carol levin monarchy quote
‘In the sixteenth century monarchy politics and religion were completely intertwined’
Why dies Levin suggest that queen Elizabeth used the royal touch ?
Because touch on,y worked if legitimate. So therefore ‘proved’ she was the rightful heir to the throne. As her claim was pretty weak .. Mothers marraige annulled and executed.
Example of monarch who John Fortescue claimed could not cure through touching due to illegitimate claim
Edward IV 1462
Who was the other queen that touched the Kings evil?
queen Mary
Why is not not surprising that Mary embraced ceremonies of toutch and Maundy Thursday .
Because Mary was Catholic and they were inherently Catholic in action and format
Why did Henry VII revive the toutch
Because his claim to the throne was weak and this legitimised that he was the correct heir
Who did Henry VIII claim that he was descended from
King Arthur
What are rituals similar to the toutch
Washing the feet of the poor on Maundy Thursday
Who did Elizabeth try to emulate
The Virgin Mary
Why is it perculiar that Elizabeth attached herself to the Virgin Mary
Because she was protestant .. Although this is questionable eg. Cross in private chapel . Protestants revoked saints and imagery
Who were the other two saints that E connected herself to as godly virgins?
Frideswide and Uncumber
Why did E identify with Virgin Mary ?
Developed mid 1570s was very effective in encouraging loyalty to the queen
What does the angel coin link to
Liniage
legitimacy
Religious faith
Popular belief
Where it’s the triptych from ?
St. Mary’s church in Preston Suffolk
-what is in the triptych
Elizabeth’s royal coat of arms
What is a triptcych
Work of art
Divided into three. Sections
Hinged together
Triptych form arises from early Christian art and was a popular standard format for altar paintings from the Middle Ages.
What can be discussed through the triptych
Iconoclasm
Royal supremacy
Repurposing of objects
What does the triptych read?
Elizabeth the great, queen of the english
What possibly are arms of triptych painted over.
Another older set possibly dating from Edwards reign .. Making it oldest known surviving one.
What other object is in the same St. Mary’s church Preston Suffolk as the triptych?
Decalogue board
What is a Decalogue board
Usually a wooden board that contains ten commandemts apostles creed . Ordered to be displayed in all parish churches by Elizabeth after Elizabethan settlement.
When does the Decalogue board in Preston church date to ?
Evidently post reformation
textual analysis suggest from reign of Edward VI
Why are Decalogue boards in church interesting . Esp ones with monarchs arms ?
The legal power of the state over the sacramental power of the church
Also display protestant religion eg, obsessed with words
10 commandments and Puritan predestination.
Where is the super fucking massive cauldron from ?
Lacock abbey
When and where was abbey cauldron made ?
Belgium 1500
What happened to the cauldron after the dissolution of the monasteries
Remained in the abbey as it was converted into a domestic house
What does the abbeys continued presence at lacock show?
Not all Catholic objects were problem to Protestants. They did not all need to be destroyed . Just ones that invited false worship or devotion.
What does the inscription of the cauldron read?
I was cast by Peter wagheuens, of Michelin, in the year of the Lord 1500. Praise to God and glory to Christ.
When was lacock abbey founded ?
Early 13c.
When was lacock abbey sold by Henry VIII
1539
Who bought lacock abbey and for how much ?
Sir William Sharington for £783
What happened to lacock abbey after it was sold
Abbey converted into house.
Church demolished
Alterations made to monastic buildings .. But parts still remain eg, the cloisters.
Who writes about nuns and lacock abbey / dissolution of monasteries and what happened to the buildings
Maurice Howard
What happened to lacocks nuns
Dispersed and pensioned off
Other than lacock cauldron what other things from monasteries were kept.
Expensive building materials
Ownership rights for land and title deeds
Sometime whole building. Turned into residence for kinds allies if no one in that particular part of country
Why is Malmesbury abbey significant
The whole of its parish church was re used as the parish church after the reformation. This was unusual .. Normally destroyed . Maurice Howard
When was Malmesbury abbey closed and who sold too
1539 William stumpe . Rich cotton merchant
What did William stumpe do with the rest of Malmesbury abbey
Filled building with 20 looms for cotton weaving enterprise
What does the defaced religious icon depict?
The Virgin Mary with smaller figures of Christ on the cross , a dive for the Holy Spirit and rayed border in the figure of God the father
How has the Virgin Mary been defaced.
The face and hands of the Virgin and the three persons of the trinity have been gouged off
Who is kneeling in Virgin Mary image
He is a grey friar and probably the donor
What other rood screens were defaced across England
Mary and John the evangelist in north Burlingham Norfolk
Who writes about iconoclasm
Margaret Aston ‘iconoclasm in England: official and clandestine’
Magnet Ashton’s iconoclasm ref nature quote
‘Iconoclasm reflects the perculiar nature of the English reformation which was tightly controlled and upsetting in its switch back course’
Why was the irradiation of idols seen by some as a catch 22
Did not want to alienate populace .. Yet idols against everything protestant.
On other hand some found public destruction a useful lever to premote and accelerate reform
Some of motivations behind iconoclasm
Faith
Youthful pranks
Drunken demonstrations
Conscious efforts against authority
How was iconoclasm linked to something the laity knew off?
Eg, destruction of false idols .. Heathen gods eg. George and the dragon celebrate as ‘ most strong confounder of fals idolatry’
Margaret Aston discussed what about the rood of grace? Eg, Bodley rood
Wether or not laity knew of the pup petering that caused it to move. Likley they did as frequently uses in dramas and plays
Where was rood of grace from
Crucifix kept at boxset abbey . Kent . Southeast England
What was the rood of grace ?
Mechanised lioness of Jesus. Could move. Shed tears . Foam at mouth , turn head and nod . Make various facial expressions.
When was rood denounced
Just after dissolution of monasteries .. Paraded around various market towns eg. Maidstone Kent . Destroyed 1538 February
What does the rood of grace link to
Lost items
Iconoclasm
What survived the reformation
Problematic object. I
Around when was the chrismatory made?
C. 1500
How is the chrismatory decorated
Lid with the lamb of god … Front with two Griffins