The Objects Flashcards
When was king Arthur’s round table thought to be made
1290, for tournament in honour of the betrothal of one of Edward I’s daughters
When was the round table painted
During the reign of Henry VIII
From when has the the table been hanging on the wall
1540
What is the diameter of the round table
5.5 meters
How heavy is the round table
1200kg
What is the round table made from
English oak
How does the round table link to the Tudors ?
- Tudor rose at the centre of the table
- Portrait of Arthur actually painted to likeness of Henry VIII
Why is King Arthur a good person to link oneself too
Stories of Arthur embody many of chivalric ideals
Great and true king of England
Why did people initial think that table was repainted
For the visit of the holy roman emperor Charles V 1522 state visit
Why did people think this about the table and Charles V
Because other displays alluded to both Henry and Charles liniage.
Reason that Martin bridle suggests for tables painting
That in 1516 moment it seemed to Henry and Wolsey that there was some hope that Henry might be elected emperor .. Using powerful connections to Arthur.
When was Henry VIII and Anne of cleves bed head made ?
1539
What does the bed heads middle inscription read ?
Describes Henry’s titles . . . King of England, king of France, Lord of Ireland and head of the Church of England
What is in the bed heads left panel
The royal motto
What is in the bed heads right panel
The initials of Henry and Anne
What does the male carving represent
Henry
Has large codpiece
What does the bed heads carved woman represent
Anne
Meek and mild
Holding sword and serpent, bit phallic symbols
What are some of the other carvings on the bed and what do they represent ?
Symbol of baby = hope for fruitful relationship
Cherubs = chubby babies
When was Henry and Anne’s marraige annulled ?
9th July 1540 .. Apparently never consummated
What did Henry and Anne allegedly do on their wedding night ?
Play cards
What can the carving of Henry in the bed head link to ?
Hans holbein’s painting of Henry VIII
How was hans holbein’s the younger painting of Henry VIII lost
In a fire at Tudor place Whitehall London in 1689
When was holbein’s painting done
1536 in the months following the worst year of Henry’s reign
Why was 1536 a bad year
Because after 27 year on throne Henry still had no male heir
Who writes about Henry in holbein’s painting
Tatiana string
What are the elements of holbein’s painting that string point to as being paramount in the construction of Henry’s masculine identity
- muscular legs
- broad shoulders
- codpiece, prominent body arranged so that it is the focal point
- beard
What does string suggest was Henry’s main aim
‘Henry’s aim was to assert himself as the prime alpha male’
What replaces the codpiece in Elizabeth I armada painting
A pearl that quotes directly from holbein’s image . The queen who had the body of a woman here has a small but potent part of the body of a man , not just any man but her father .. Image represents military success .. Shows her ability to transcend gender role
Where is the legendary king authors round table
Hanging on wall in Winchester cathedral
When is the gold angel coin from
Reign of Charles I (1625-49)
When was the practice of giving angel coins first introduced?
1465
Why was it called an angel coin?
Because on obverse side the archangel Michael is depicted
What is the inscription on our angel coin?
‘The love of the people is the Kings protection’
Why does the coin have a whole through it
Has been pierced so could be worn on body as pendant
Why were people given angel coins?
To highlight that they had taken part in the ceremony know and ‘touching the Kings evil’
What was touching the Kings evil believed to cure ?
Scrofula, eg. Tuberculosis
What item shows that people believed royaltys toutch could heal ?
Angel coin. Touching the Kings evil. Practiced in England and France
What was scrofula ?
Swelling of the lymph nodes caused by tuberculosis
When and who did the practice of touching the Kings evil begin with ?
Began 1004-1066 with Edward the confessor … Subsequent english and French Kings were though to have inherited this royal touch
By the 1400s what did people believe the coin could do ?
You could also be cured by touching the coin because it had been touched by the monarch .. Pretty similar in a way to relics.
Who’s reading did we study regarding the royal touch
Carol levin ‘Elizabeth as monarch’
Carol levin monarchy quote
‘In the sixteenth century monarchy politics and religion were completely intertwined’
Why dies Levin suggest that queen Elizabeth used the royal touch ?
Because touch on,y worked if legitimate. So therefore ‘proved’ she was the rightful heir to the throne. As her claim was pretty weak .. Mothers marraige annulled and executed.
Example of monarch who John Fortescue claimed could not cure through touching due to illegitimate claim
Edward IV 1462
Who was the other queen that touched the Kings evil?
queen Mary
Why is not not surprising that Mary embraced ceremonies of toutch and Maundy Thursday .
Because Mary was Catholic and they were inherently Catholic in action and format
Why did Henry VII revive the toutch
Because his claim to the throne was weak and this legitimised that he was the correct heir
Who did Henry VIII claim that he was descended from
King Arthur
What are rituals similar to the toutch
Washing the feet of the poor on Maundy Thursday
Who did Elizabeth try to emulate
The Virgin Mary
Why is it perculiar that Elizabeth attached herself to the Virgin Mary
Because she was protestant .. Although this is questionable eg. Cross in private chapel . Protestants revoked saints and imagery
Who were the other two saints that E connected herself to as godly virgins?
Frideswide and Uncumber
Why did E identify with Virgin Mary ?
Developed mid 1570s was very effective in encouraging loyalty to the queen
What does the angel coin link to
Liniage
legitimacy
Religious faith
Popular belief
Where it’s the triptych from ?
St. Mary’s church in Preston Suffolk
-what is in the triptych
Elizabeth’s royal coat of arms
What is a triptcych
Work of art
Divided into three. Sections
Hinged together
Triptych form arises from early Christian art and was a popular standard format for altar paintings from the Middle Ages.
What can be discussed through the triptych
Iconoclasm
Royal supremacy
Repurposing of objects
What does the triptych read?
Elizabeth the great, queen of the english
What possibly are arms of triptych painted over.
Another older set possibly dating from Edwards reign .. Making it oldest known surviving one.
What other object is in the same St. Mary’s church Preston Suffolk as the triptych?
Decalogue board
What is a Decalogue board
Usually a wooden board that contains ten commandemts apostles creed . Ordered to be displayed in all parish churches by Elizabeth after Elizabethan settlement.
When does the Decalogue board in Preston church date to ?
Evidently post reformation
textual analysis suggest from reign of Edward VI
Why are Decalogue boards in church interesting . Esp ones with monarchs arms ?
The legal power of the state over the sacramental power of the church
Also display protestant religion eg, obsessed with words
10 commandments and Puritan predestination.
Where is the super fucking massive cauldron from ?
Lacock abbey
When and where was abbey cauldron made ?
Belgium 1500
What happened to the cauldron after the dissolution of the monasteries
Remained in the abbey as it was converted into a domestic house
What does the abbeys continued presence at lacock show?
Not all Catholic objects were problem to Protestants. They did not all need to be destroyed . Just ones that invited false worship or devotion.
What does the inscription of the cauldron read?
I was cast by Peter wagheuens, of Michelin, in the year of the Lord 1500. Praise to God and glory to Christ.
When was lacock abbey founded ?
Early 13c.
When was lacock abbey sold by Henry VIII
1539
Who bought lacock abbey and for how much ?
Sir William Sharington for £783
What happened to lacock abbey after it was sold
Abbey converted into house.
Church demolished
Alterations made to monastic buildings .. But parts still remain eg, the cloisters.
Who writes about nuns and lacock abbey / dissolution of monasteries and what happened to the buildings
Maurice Howard
What happened to lacocks nuns
Dispersed and pensioned off
Other than lacock cauldron what other things from monasteries were kept.
Expensive building materials
Ownership rights for land and title deeds
Sometime whole building. Turned into residence for kinds allies if no one in that particular part of country
Why is Malmesbury abbey significant
The whole of its parish church was re used as the parish church after the reformation. This was unusual .. Normally destroyed . Maurice Howard
When was Malmesbury abbey closed and who sold too
1539 William stumpe . Rich cotton merchant
What did William stumpe do with the rest of Malmesbury abbey
Filled building with 20 looms for cotton weaving enterprise
What does the defaced religious icon depict?
The Virgin Mary with smaller figures of Christ on the cross , a dive for the Holy Spirit and rayed border in the figure of God the father
How has the Virgin Mary been defaced.
The face and hands of the Virgin and the three persons of the trinity have been gouged off
Who is kneeling in Virgin Mary image
He is a grey friar and probably the donor
What other rood screens were defaced across England
Mary and John the evangelist in north Burlingham Norfolk
Who writes about iconoclasm
Margaret Aston ‘iconoclasm in England: official and clandestine’
Magnet Ashton’s iconoclasm ref nature quote
‘Iconoclasm reflects the perculiar nature of the English reformation which was tightly controlled and upsetting in its switch back course’
Why was the irradiation of idols seen by some as a catch 22
Did not want to alienate populace .. Yet idols against everything protestant.
On other hand some found public destruction a useful lever to premote and accelerate reform
Some of motivations behind iconoclasm
Faith
Youthful pranks
Drunken demonstrations
Conscious efforts against authority
How was iconoclasm linked to something the laity knew off?
Eg, destruction of false idols .. Heathen gods eg. George and the dragon celebrate as ‘ most strong confounder of fals idolatry’
Margaret Aston discussed what about the rood of grace? Eg, Bodley rood
Wether or not laity knew of the pup petering that caused it to move. Likley they did as frequently uses in dramas and plays
Where was rood of grace from
Crucifix kept at boxset abbey . Kent . Southeast England
What was the rood of grace ?
Mechanised lioness of Jesus. Could move. Shed tears . Foam at mouth , turn head and nod . Make various facial expressions.
When was rood denounced
Just after dissolution of monasteries .. Paraded around various market towns eg. Maidstone Kent . Destroyed 1538 February
What does the rood of grace link to
Lost items
Iconoclasm
What survived the reformation
Problematic object. I
Around when was the chrismatory made?
C. 1500
How is the chrismatory decorated
Lid with the lamb of god … Front with two Griffins
What does the chrismatory contain?
Three pewter phials . With holy oil in.. Consecrated by bishop on Holy Thursday
Oil for sick
Oil used for sacred rites
Oil for those not yet baptised
Why were oild made redundant after reformation
Reduced number of sacrements
Oils no longer required like icons and crosses they were removed because they encouraged notions of magic and superstition - Robert whiting
What type of bible is in the embroidered cover
King James I bible
When is embroidered bible from
1614
What is depicted in the embroidery of the bible
Front Moses and the burning bush
Jonah emerging from the whale
When did translation of King James Bible begin and when was it complete
1604 …. 1611
What was the first certified english bible
Henry VIIIs great bible
What was Henry VIIIs bible based on
William Tyndalls translation, that at time was deemed heretical and he was imprisoned for
What reportedly were William Tyndalls final words before burning at Antwerp
’ Lord! Open the Kings eyes’
What does Henry’s bible title page display ? How is this relevant
Henry in godly position . Gods luitennent on earth .
Identity construction as chosen through bible
What was the second english bible
Bishops bible 1568
Who discusses changing bibles
John king and Aaron Pratt ‘the materiality of the English printed bibles’
What do Pratt and king suggest about size of bibles
Octaves lent to private reading .. Also more easily concealed
What did Mary stop when she came to t Horne
‘The printing of corrupt and naughty literature’
Who writes about bible as objects of identity construction
Alexandra Walsham
How does Walsham critique historians
They just look at text and are not concerned with the structure or form of the book
What does Walsham suggest decorated book binding can be compared to
Jewellery, domestic furnishing and female fashion
Why did book have a sense of sanctity
Because before printing press .. Very rare and unique. Often religious and highly decorated
Miriam foote book quote
‘Wearing a book as part of ones apparel indicated a greater intimacy between the owner and the text , than if it had merely been put on a shelf, suggesting an appropriation or incorporation of the word of God into the body and soul of the wearer.’
When were these books often given
New Years .. Wedding or engagement presents
What does bible embroidery often depict
Nature or religious imagery
Often from pattern books
Similar to drinking vessels
Rozsika Parkers argument
Suggested that the frequent depiction of female biblical figures engaged in heroic action might be interpreted as an assertion of women as active beings in the very medium intended to teach obedience and pasivity
Links to sampler .. And othello / Desdemona .. Women in charge or the domestic sphere
Walsham quote on books
In everyday use religious books were items of material culture which served a variety of purposes other than reading as shown here they might still be regarded as residuals as devotional devices and jewels
When was the embroidered box with biblical stories made ?
1665
Who is on the embroidered box ??
Story of Esther . A Jewish orphan who became a queen of aincent Persia
Esther was regarded as an ideal woman and wife - beautiful and obedient to her husband - but none the less brave and faithful in her service to God and her people
what type of stool have we been looking at ?
17th century joint stool
what play by shakespeare relates to the joint stool
a midsummer nights dream, puck the magical centaur is ofthen mistaken for a three legged stool
most popular / common for of seating in 16c.
joimt stool
Exodus 22:19
‘thoushalt not suffer a witch to live’
diffrences between english witches and their continental counterparts
genrally solitary, mambers of society, did not fly brooms, did not partake in devil worship ceremonies
what did english witches daughters do
tend to follow in their mothers footsteps
who wrote ‘witchcraft in tudor times’
victoria lamb
what dies victoria lamb discuss regarding witches
- often eccentic member of society
- acceptance not universal
- tudor witches were not equal… diffrent forms of magic were accepted and punished
- familiars sign of english witch, shown by witch mark
who wrote ‘Shakespeare and material culture’
Catherine Richardson
what does Richardsons article discuss about the stool
- very detailed description
- lifecycle.. how it has evidently been use for diffrent purposes at diffrent times
- their omnipresence in tudor society
- come face to face when return home from theatre with the appropriated object.
where was our witch bottle found
2004 greenwich london
what type of jug is the witch bottle made in
ballamine jug
whos recipie is relevant when discussing witch bottles
Joseph Blagrave’s Astrological Practice of Physick
what does the witch bottle contain
-human urine
-bent nails and pins
-nail peirced leather heart
fingernail clippings
-navel fluff
-hair
what was the intention of the witch bottle
to redirect the spell onto the witch. would cause pain or death to bladder causing witch to revoke the charm
once made what was one supposed to do with a witch bottle
bury it somewhere warm. believed to be active as long as the bottle remained hidden and unbroken
what type of magic did witch bottle invoke
sympathetic magic. this type was OK
what can the witch bottle link to
concealed objects
witchcraft and superstition
who wrote in the ‘new scientist’ about the witch bottle
Linda Geddes
where are the ‘witch marks’
Wooden beams of Knole House property in seven oaks Kent
-scratched into floorboards, around fireplace and in room above. fireplaces and windows easiest places for witches and they’re charms to gain access
why and when were the marks scratched
17th c. in wake of gunpowder plot. country on high alert. King James supposed to be visiting the property because its then owner was Thomas Sackville
how were the witchmarks dated
using dendrochronology
what are the inscriptions on the mento mori ring?
rather death than false faith = edge
be hold the end - front surface
‘ML’ in lover knot = back surface
who is it that writes about Memento mori objects in the tudor period.
tanya cooper
What does tanya cooper have to say about
removal of iconoclastic images in religion
yet figured into other aspects of life, so that people could still contemplate death
examples in portraits mostly
what is the term for the art of dying
Ars Moriendi
what are some paintings that relate to memento mori / another object
the torr abbey jewel thomas braithwaite judd marraige Death and the maiden Thomas Aston
what does the Torre Abbey Jewel have inscribed on it
‘through the resurrection of Christ we will all be sanctified’
when did shakespear make his will
1 month before death in 1616. thos shows he was preparing for death
what are points of interest in the will
wife= second best bed
daughter given the stuff that was intended for husband before he shamed family
friends were left either rings or money for rings
who rites about the problems of wills and will preambles
Christopher Marsh
What does christopher Marsh have to say about wills and will pre ambles
not completly honset documents
-while possible to get some religious identity were meant to be read so hidden
often sribe would write all so should not take them at face value
what does the carved cupboard at cothele have on it
religious imagery, various figures, heraldry and inscription
who writes about the Cotehele cupborad
Nicholas Riall and Rachel Hunt
what does the cothele cupboard link to
governance , identity construction, sociability, imagery , dychronic objects
how writes abput the stratford corperation
Robert Bearman
what themes does the stratford cupboard link to
organisation, probate documents, how religious change affected daily life.
what objects does the stratford corperation cupboard link to ?
-city of london chest
-probate documents
-chiming private clock
henry VII and Katerine of aragn writing box
who writes about the stoneware tankards ?
Andrew Morell ‘Protestant pots’
what does Morell say about ‘protestant pots’
religious imagery on lasting objects changes interpretation and meaning, make sit more significant.
- could act as guides for living life . eg not to drink to much
- protestants bringing church into the house
- personal items and items of comunal identity
what does the tankard link to
sociability
conectivity
protestant religion in house
identity construction
when was Englandfahrer hamburg jug made the jug mad
1595
who writes about entertaining and sociability
Marta Ajmar-Wollheim, ‘Sociability’ At Home in Renaissance Italy
what texts ould be associated with sociability
conduct literature
who called puzzel jugs unruley vessels ?
Cipriano Piccolpasso
what is Marta’s argument about drinking in italy. what can be applied to
drinking accompanied nearly all aspects of life. ;can be applied to tudor england
what other objects can link to sociability ?
nautilus cup, nine mens morris, sugar bowl
who rote the article ‘the taming of the scold’
david underdown
what does inscription on bridle read?
‘the garrulous tounge causes harm’ and 1838 which was the last time it was used
what does david underdown suggest is the the reason that scolding was clamped down on ?
- against patriachal aurthority
- links to witches
other links to bridel ?
- cucking of a scold
- drunkards cloak
who wrote about medical prac
Nancy G. Siraisi
what dother things to medical practices link to
religion and superstition
religious texts
- napier and formans casebooks
- Joseph Balgrave’s astrological study of physik
where were the wooden combes found ?
mary rose
how many other knit combes were discovered ?
82
-what were discovered alongside the knit combes
pomander barbers kit chamber pot tankards manicure sets
what could the knit combes link to
identity construction
lost items
body
grooming
who writes about the playhouse pins
jenny tiramani “without such crucial devices, the fashions of the elizabethans would not have been possible”
how many pins found on the site of the rose theatre
685
what did pins do
they affected the way people interatcted with one another.
what is the broadside ballad that we talkedabout in the seminar ?
good sir you wornge you britches
what is a ballad ?
- cheap print
- one of most common forms
- sung, read, quoted, copied, given as gifts
who wrote about ballads ?
paxton hehmeyer
and tessa whatt
who argues that ballads should not be compared to newspapers
Hyder Rollins
what is tessa whaytts argument surrounding ballads?
that they inhabit a shared culture of cheap print that reached across the social and geographic boundaries in erly modern england
who’s article was about the thomas trevellyon manuscript ?
Heather Wolfe
what can the trevellyon manuscript tell us
about what was important to contemporary
-religion, dynasty, lineage, fashion. patterns, bonnet / nitecap patterns
what is significant about the trevellyan manuscript
that it is a manuscrit, so print had not nessicarily taken over as quickly as suggested
who was thomas trev? and when did start writing manuscript ?
london craftsman . first 16-3 would have been 55
when were the three manuscrpipts made by T
1603, 1608, 1616
how did date newest found manuscript
blank spece for place of elizabeths burial,
only contained 3 of Jame’s I and anne’s children
who writes bout codpeices >
will fisher
what does anne hollander arugue ?
nude paintings show that bodys were visually shapped by the absense of clothing.
two types of codpeice
phallic sheath, and bagged appendage
henry VII codpeice
sexual promiscuity, bisexual onjects. yet also representative of scrotal codpeice. used as a fertility talisman
why did codpeices go out of fashion ?
- obviously false, could be removed and put on a woman , does not prove thatthere is a penis there people used to store food in them , therefor codpeice could be anythng but genitals . highlights the transferability of the accessory
what play talks about codpeices
two gentlemen of verona
who writes about the embroidered sampler
susan frye
play that links to sampler
OTHELLO
WOMEN AND TEXTILE
THE SPHERE OF TEXTILES WAS ONE PLACE WOMEN HAD POWER, EXPOSED THEM TO NETWORKS OF EXCHANGE
WHEN DOES OUR SAMPLER DATE TO
1598
WHAT WAS THE PUROPSE OF OUR SAMPLER
CHRISTINIG PRESENT FOR JANE BOSTOCKES COUSIN ALICE LEE
WHAT CAN HELP US LEARN ABOUT LOST OBJECTS
PROBATE DOCUMENTS
WHO WRITES ABOUT LOST
SARAH PENNEL = CONSUMPTION
GLEN ANDERSON . LOOK FOR MISSING OBJECTS
LENA ORLIN = INVENTORIES
What are other titles that in a similar way to Shakespeare’s ‘the taming of the shrew’ discuss garrulous women in contemporary literature ? And what does Underdown argue that this means ?
‘The cruel shrew’ ‘the man woman’. Underdown argues that no. Of such titles show what was on people’s minds . Eg upset of the social heirachy
What does W.R.Beck write
Collecting in a consumer society
Who else writes about the Stratford guild corporations cupboard of boxes
Peter Hewitt ‘Shakespeare’s world in 100 objects’
What does W.R.Beck write
Collecting in a consumer society
Who else writes about the Stratford guild corporations cupboard of boxes
Peter Hewitt ‘Shakespeare’s world in 100 objects
What does Peter Hewitt argue about the corporation boxes
That the object allowed the cooperation to begin a rationalisation of secular life where social survey inca taxation piety and civic sociability could be Newley envisioned
Example for tarnya coopers memento mori portraits
William naylor, London lawyer , portrait dated 1562 . Holding plaque that is inscribed with statement regarding human transience … Adonisnents today viewer and practical plea of naylor to be remembered as an exemplary human … More than rep of human piety also an agent of spiritual instruction
In Linda geodes article on the witch bottles who argues that spell would be thrown back and torment the witch ..
Alan Massey
What does Rosina Parker write
The subversive stitch
Who wrote the subversive stitch
Rosina Parker
What does Rosina Parker argue in the subversive stitch ?
That frequent depiction of female biblical figures engaged in heroic action might be interpreted as an assert action on some as active human beings in the very medium intended to teach obedience and passivity
What does robert whiting write
The reformation of the English parish church
Who wrote the reformation of the English parish church
Robert Whiting
What does robert whiting argue about the christmatory in ‘the reformation of the English parish church
That icons were destroyed and crosses and christmatorys were removed because churches were trying to remove objects that ‘might be used for superstition’
Who else writes about the Stratford guild corporations cupboard of boxes
Peter Hewitt ‘Shakespeare’s world in 100 objects
What does Peter Hewitt argue about the corporation boxes
That the object allowed the cooperation to begin a rationalisation of secular life where social survey inca taxation piety and civic sociability could be Newley envisioned
Example for tarnya coopers memento mori portraits
William naylor, London lawyer , portrait dated 1562 . Holding plaque that is inscribed with statement regarding human transience … Adonisnents today viewer and practical plea of naylor to be remembered as an exemplary human … More than rep of human piety also an agent of spiritual instruction
In Linda geodes article on the witch bottles who argues that spell would be thrown back and torment the witch ..
Alan Massey
What does Rosina Parker write
The subversive stitch
Who wrote the subversive stitch
Rosina Parker
What does Rosina Parker argue in the subversive stitch ?
That frequent depiction of female biblical figures engaged in heroic action might be interpreted as an assert action on some as active human beings in the very medium intended to teach obedience and passivity
What does robert whiting write
The reformation of the English parish church
Who wrote the reformation of the English parish church
Robert Whiting
What does robert whiting argue about the christmatory in ‘the reformation of the English parish church
That icons were destroyed and crosses and christmatorys were removed because churches were trying to remove objects that ‘might be used for superstition’
What did W.G.Hoskins write
‘The rebuilding of rural England’ in past and present
What does w.g.hoskins argue in ‘the rebuilding of rural England’ ?
That between mid 16c. And 1640s period of heightened construction and change occurred caused by improved economic conditions .. Bigger houses, more rooms, more space for storage.
Depending on status and geographic location change time period of event
Earliest in southeast and southwest. 70s to 20s in North and even later in Wales
who argues the thing about pews
l.p.,wandel ‘the reformation’
where is st. cuthbert buried
durham cathedral
where is the place where thecathgolic images have been painted over by protestant writing
binham priory norfolk
where is the eagle lecturn from ?
newstead abbey
what article does john craig write ?
‘psalms, groans and dogwippers’
what does john craig discuss that will be helpful to this module ?
church becoming a place for teaching .. piulpits and pews
what is the hall that is filled with protestant religious imagery
burtin agnes hall
when was burton agnes hall built
1602
