The nursing process Flashcards
What is ‘care planning’ ?
The process of reorganisation of patients into actual and potential problems, selecting interventions to assist in addressing those problems
What is a ‘care plan’ ?
- A written record of the care planning process
- Used as a tool to facilitate care to patients
- The thinking + preparation, which **results in **the production of the care plan, which results in a proposed action
Name the 5 stages of the Nursing Process.
- Assess
- Decide (nursing diagnosis)
- Plan
- Provide (Implementation)
- Evalulate
What is a ‘nursing diagnosis’?
And how does this differ from a VS/medical diagnosis?
This is Identifying and naming actual problems with the** patient’s abilities** and can include any potential problems that the patient is at risk of.
It differs from medical diagnosis, as it does not concentrate on disease, but based on the best nursing interventions for that patient and their condition.
What minimum dietary information is required for developing a care plan?
- Frequency of food offered p/day (How often)
- Volume of current meals p/day
- How many treats are given p/day
- If there is any known allergies
What minimum drinking information is required for developing a care plan?
- Volume of how much water is consumed p/day
- Frequency of food offered p/day (How often)
What minimum toileting information is required for developing a care plan?
Urine
* Volume of how much urine is produced p/day
* Frequency of how often urine is passed p/day
Faecal
* Volume of how much faecal matter is produced p/day
* Frequency of how often faecal matter is passed p/day
* A stool score
What minimum behavioural information is required for developing a care plan?
- What is the patient’s normal behaviour/temperament
- Patient specific signs of stress
- Patient specific signs of aggression
- What language + commands are used
Think psychological past, current + assessment…
When ascertaining the patient’s specific normative patterns of behaviour from physiological to behavioural, what other information should be attained?
- Weight
- BCS
- Medical history
- Current medical conditions
* Full head to tail examinations (within the context of the patient’s condition)
What is a ‘model’?
A organised framework which can be adapted to provide holistic patient-centered care, allowing the nursing process to be carried out
Developed from evidence-based research from other nurses
The 1st step of the nursing process is assessment of the patient.
Primarily, what framework is required to carry an assessment out?
A nursing model!
What is the overall aim of the assessment stage, of the nursing process?
To identify the patient’s current needs
What is involved in the nursing assessment?
- Assessing the patient’s needs using the framework
- Identifying + recording the actual + potential problems + comparing them to their normal daily functions + activities
- Gather as much information as possible, from a variety of sources
- Ensure the patient’s** current needs are met**
- Record all information of the patient’s care plan, clinical records, hosptilisation records etc
When assessing the patient, what are the 2 types of data that you gain?
- Subjective data
- Objective data
Describe what is meant by Subjective data.
The observation of certain behaviours, recognition of patterns + responses
Describe what is meant by Objective data.
The collection of data through clinical skills, using factual + measurable data
Name 3 nursing models that are recognised by the veterinary profession.
- Orem
- Roper, Logan & Tierney
- Orpet & Jeffery
What is another name for the Orpet & Jeffery model?
The Ability Model
How many models are based on the Ability model?
And what are they?
2 models.
The Roper, Logan & Tierney model + Orem model
True or False.
The Roper, Logan & Tierney model focuses on the patient’s lifespan.
True
True or False.
The Orem model focuses on the ‘Activites of living’.
False.
The Orem model focuses on the Univesal self-care requisites and the Self-care abilities
True or False.
The Roper, Logan & Tierney model focuses on factors that influence the activities of living.
True
True or False.
The Orem model focuses on nursing interventions that meet the patient’s reqiuisites.
True
True or False.
The R, L & T model focuses on providing the standard of assessment + evaluation.
True
True or False.
The Ability model (Orpet & Jeffery) is not considered the best nursing model to use in VP.
False, it is!
What does the assessment of the patient, using the Ability Model primarily assess?
The patient’s ability to carry our their normal & everyday activities
Does the Ability model take into consideration the life stage of the patient?
Yes
What are the 2 influencing factors of the Ability model?
- Owner compliance
- Finanical constraints
Does the Ability model focus on the identifying the actual or potential problems?
Both!
Which statement is true?
A. The Ability model requires the nurse to plan actions, set targets and record them on the patient’s care plan.
B. The Ability model requires the nurse to plan actions, set targets and record them on the patient’s clinical record.
C. The Ability model only requires the nurse to set targets and record them only on patient’s clinical records.
A. The Ability model requires the nurse to plan actions, set targets and record them on the care plan.
What does the acronym OJAM stand for?
Orpert & Jeffery Ability Model
On the OJAM patient assessment form, what client information must be gathered?
- Date of admission
- Date of nursing assessment
- Case number
- Patient name
- Patient breed
- Patient sex
- Owner’s address
- Owner’s contact number
- Clinical summary (reason for admission)
- Owner’s perception of the problem
On the OJAM patient assessment form, what patient information must be gathered?
- Patient name
- Breed
- Sex
- History (Including past+ current)
- Previous surgeries
- Disease + vaccination status
- Known allergies
- Current medication
- TPR
- MM
- CRT
- Weight
- MCS
- BCS
- Life stage
On the OJAM patient assessment form, under the ‘Assessment of patient’s ability to..” what 10 pieces of patient information must be gathered fromt the client?
All the patient’s normative behaviours, patterns + routines. Including:
- ‘Eat adequate amounts’
- ‘Drink adequate amounts’
- ‘Urinate normally’
- ‘Defecate normally’
- ‘Breathe normally’
- ‘Maintain body temperature’
- ‘Groom itself’
- ‘Mobilise adequately’
- ‘Sleep/rest’
- ‘Express normal behaviour’
To be written in the ‘usual routine’
On the OJAM patient assessment form, name the other 3 columns, that will be compared with the ‘Usual routine’ ?
- Actual problem
- Potential problem
- Long Term Goal
On the OJAM care plan, what 8 sections should be provided?
- Patient name
- Date + time
- Problem
- Short term goal
- Nursing intervention
- Evaluation
- Review time + date
How many abilities does the Roper, Logan & Tierney model focus on?
And what type are they?
12 activities of living
How many abilities does the Orem model focus on?
And what type are they?
8 Universal self-care requisites
How many abilities does the Orpet & Jeffery model focus on?
And what type are they?
10 Abilities
How many species does the Ability model cover?
All species
True or False.
All 3 models were originally developed for human nursing.
False!
The R, L & T + Orem models were developed for human nursing. However, the Orpet & Jeffery model was developed from human nursing, by RVNs for veterinary nursing
What model includes ‘dying’ + ‘expressing sexuality’ in the activities of living?
R, L & J
Which model is influenced by the following ‘activities of living’ factors:
* Biological
* Psychological
* Sociocultural
* Environmental
* Politicoeconomic
R, L & J
What care plan model identifies the actual and potential problems of the patient?
The Ability model
What nursing model, alongside owner compliance + finanical factors, also is influenced by cultural factors?
The Orpet + Jeffery model
From beginning to end, what life stages are the patient’t measured from on the Orpet & Jeffery model?
From conception > death
From beginning to end, what life stages are the patient’t measured from on the Orem model?
From conception > death
From beginning to end, what life stages are the patient’t measured from on the R, L & J model?
From neonate > geratric
What model utilises the dependence > independence continuum, based on how well the patient can perform their activities of living?
The R, L & J model
What model allows the nurse to assess what nursing interventions are required now and in the future?
The Orem model
What nursing model assesses the patient’s abilities to achieve health?
The Orpet & Jeffery model
What nursing model affects the developmental self-care requisites?
(i.e; is affected by the patient’s lifestage which is measured from conception > death)
The Orem model
What does the nursing process allow VN’s to do?
To provide patient quality centered care, in partnership with VS + V team
What do nursing models allow VN’s to do?
To provide VN’s a **organised framework **and method, to deliver a consistent standard of high quality care
What evidence does the nursing process + models provide VN’s + the VP?
Evidence for the development of that VP, to improve their standards of nursing care
