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History > The Normans - Unit 3 : The Norman Church > Flashcards

The Normans - Unit 3 : The Norman Church Flashcards

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1
Q

Anglo Saxon Church before 1066

A
  • Clergy members were getting married = against the vow of celibacy
  • Church positions were sold SIMONY
  • Church positions were given to friends and family = NEPOTISM
  • People have multiple positions = PLURALISM
  • Everyone had to pay a tithe = 1/10 of what they produced
  • Church owned a quarter of Englands land and religious figures were as powerful as kings
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2
Q

Why did William do to fix the corruption in the Church

A

1070, an Italian monk Lanfranc was appointed to Archbishop of Canterbury and he was put in charge of reforming the Church

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3
Q

3 Reforms of Lanfranc

A
  1. Synods
  2. New Church Hierarchy
  3. Church and Law Courts
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4
Q

Synods (Ecclesiastical Council)

A
  • Spread the message of reform
  • Improved Bishops authority over their diocese
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5
Q

New Church Hierarchy

A
  • More centralised system
  • Bishops, archdeacons and deans
  • Bishops = more power over diocese
  • More parish priests
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6
Q

Church and Law Courts

A
  • Church courts = clergy was tried in bishops courts not in lay/secular courts
  • Spiritual offences will be tried in Church Courts = secular courts had less authority
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7
Q

Statistics of reforms to the Church

A
  • Village churches doubled between 1070 and 1170 = raised status of parish Church and meant more people became religious
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8
Q

How did William change Church buildings

A
  • knocked down every major Anglo Saxon cathedral (apart from Westminster Abbey) and rebuilt them in ROMANESQUE architecture to emulate the Romans and their power
  • Thought Anglo Saxon cathedrals were old fashioned
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9
Q

ROMANESQUE architecture

A
  • thick walls
  • round decorative arches
  • large towers
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10
Q

Why did William change the Church buildings

A
  • Showed God favoured the Norman regime
  • Showed Norman power and prestige
  • Permanent reminder of Norman Conquest
  • Intimidation tactics
  • Improve Anglo Saxon churches
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11
Q

What did William do to Cathedrals?

A
  • William also moved Cathedrals to cities to centralise the Church and had shrines attached to them to attract pilgrims
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12
Q

Anglo Saxon monks

A

BENEDICTINE monks
- followed the rules of St Benedict and take vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, wore habits, clean shaven, vegetarian and has to do physical labour

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13
Q

Norman monks

A

CLUNAIC monks
- type of monk brought to England from France
- Followed Benedictine rules with some differences e.g. no physical labour, copied manuscripts

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14
Q

Monastic life before 1066

A
  • Lived alone, fasting and meditating
  • Rich patrons gave money and land for monasteries = secular influence over many monasteries
  • Vows of chastity, obedience and poverty
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15
Q

Why were Reforms to MONASTIC life needed?

A
  1. Monasticism began to decline in the 10th century
  2. State and Lorda had too much influence over monasteries
  3. Many monks weren’t following the rules anymore : no fasting, rich clothing
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16
Q

How did the Normans REVIVE monasticism?

A
  1. Number of monks and nuns increased from 1000 to about 5000 and religious houses increased from 60 to over 250
  2. 1066 saw 4 cathedrals with monasteries attached (Canterbury, Winchester, Worcester and Sherborne)
  3. Brought in reforms and new monastic orders
17
Q

LANFRANCS reforms to monasteries

A
  1. Reformed liturgy, more like Churhc services in the rest of Europe
  2. Defined the role of the abbot and established a clear hierarchy
  3. Made monastic life stricter = the more pious they seemed and the Church would be more respected
  4. Leadership also changed as they got rid of Anglo Saxon abbots
  5. Abbots weren’t as poorly treated as bishops
18
Q

5 facts about Cluniac monasteries

A
  1. Cluny Abbey - Duke William gave it permanent freedom from military service and other fuedal duties. Only answered to the Pope
  2. Rule of St Benedict was imposed more strictly
  3. Closely linked to the Papacy and were very rich
  4. Tasked with reforming many religious houses - capable and effective
  5. All clunaic monasteries answered to the Abbott of Cluny
19
Q

Monasteries in general

A
  • Grew in importance and helped the poor, provided employment, shelter and hospitals - also centre of learning (taught young boys to become monks and priests)
20
Q

Why did the Church dislike William

A
  • He siezed the Archbishop’s estates
  • Rumoured to be a homosexual
  • Interested in making money for the Church
21
Q

William II challenging the power of the Church
WILLIAM OF ST CALAIS

A
  • Informed Will II of a plot against him him and agreed to bring reinforcements to help Will II
  • Changed his mind and didn’t return with the troops so Will II put him on trial for treason
  • St C argued that he was clergy so should be tried in a Church court
  • Will II refused saying he broke his oath of fealty to the king and be tried in his court
  • St C = tried and declared guilty = loss bishopric but later returned
22
Q

IMPACT of William St Calais on CHURCH - STATE relations

A
  • demonstrated Will II determination
  • supported by nobles and clergy = loyalty lay with him
  • prevented (dissuaded) others from going up against the King
23
Q

William II challenging the power of the Church
ANSELM

A
  • Forced to become the Archbishop of Canterbury after Lanfranc
  • Made conditions for accepting the role : wanted all land lost to be restored to the Archbishopric; wanted to be the king’s spiritual advisor and wanted Will II to continue to recognise Urban II as the Pope
24
Q

IMPACT of ANSELM on CHURCH - STATE relations

A
  • Will II continued continued to block his attempts to reform the Church to show how powerful he was to be able to reduce the Church’s wealth
  • Forced to accept the power of Pope Urban II
  • 1094 = Anslem began preaching about the lack of morality in the King’s Court and that Will II was taking Church income = Will II was beginning to be viewed negatively in the face of the Church
25
Q

EXTRAS - William II and Church - state relations

A
  • Will II reintroduced simony
  • Prevented Anslem from travelling to Rome as he wanted to keep the Pope seperate from dealings in England and didt want the Pope carrying out the blessing to become Archbishop
26
Q

WILLIAM I CHURCH RELATIONS - Good

A

Good
- Pope gave him the Papal banner when he went to conquer England
- Reformed Church with Lanfranc

Bad
- However the next Pope Gregory VII thought the Church needed more power and that wasn’t going to happen under William
- Greg VII wanted Will I to swear fealty to him but he refused

27
Q

WILLIAM II CHURCH RELATIONS - Bad

A
  • Church thought the wasa homosexual - no wife, no kids
  • Reintroduced simony
  • Made money off of the Church
  • Anslem and St Calais
28
Q

HENRY I CHURCH RELATIONS

A
  • Pope Urban II believed he had too much power
  • Investiture Controversy : Church didn’t agree with clergy paying homage to the King and should only pay homage to God
  • Henry was threatened with excommunication but come to a deal : Henry I couldnt invest bishops but they had to pay homage to him before they were consecrated
  • Anslem = refused to pay homage and was exiled despite this he came back and still supported Henry

History (14 decks)

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