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History > The Normans And 1066 > Flashcards

The Normans And 1066 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many children did Edward the Confessor have?

A

He had no children despite being married to a Saxon wife.

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2
Q

What did it mean that Edward had no children?

A

The throne of England was up for grabs

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3
Q

Throughout 1066 what happened for the throne of England?

A

Throughout 1066 a number of contenders for treating throne of England would fight each other to be King

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4
Q

What did each contender have?

A

Each contender had a claim to the throne sand they each had their own supporters

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5
Q

Who were the contenders for the throne of England?

A

Harald Hardrada (Hard Raider), William of Normandy, Harold Godwin, Edgar the Atheling

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6
Q

Give a title for Harald Hardrada?

A

Harald III King of Norway and Denmark (1047-66) (Viking)

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7
Q

Give a title for William of Normandy?

A

Duke of Normandy (since 1035)

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8
Q

Give a title for Harold Godwin?

A

Harold II, King of England. Previously Earl of Wessex

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9
Q

Give a title for Edgar the Atheling?

A

Prince Edgar

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10
Q

What were the reasons for Harald Hardrada being King of England?

A

Claimed to be the true heir of Canute. Since Canute had ruled England as well as Norway and Denmark so should he. Harald Godwin’s brother Tostig supported him and would supply him an army and ships to help him dethrone Harold. He was also supported by the Vikings.

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11
Q

What were the reasons for William of Normandy being King of England?

A

Claimed that Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne of England. Claimed that Harold had sworn to back him as King. He was an experienced commander and had good equipment. He had the support of the Pope which meant he had the support of God.

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12
Q

What were the reasons for Harold Godwin being King of England?

A

Brother-in-law of Edward the Confessor. A good strong fighting leader. Very popular with most of the English. He had been elected King by the Witan (Saxon council made up of bishops, novels and advisors). He was a member of the Witan.

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13
Q

What were the reasons for Edgar the Atheling being King of England?

A

Great grandson of Ethelred the Unready. Grand nephew of Edward the Confessor. Thus a direct descendant of the Saxon royal family. Harold had only married into it. Blood claim to the throne of England.

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14
Q

What were the reasons against Harald Hardrada being King of England?

A

He was in Norway, not England. Most Englishmen preferred Harold. If he invaded England it would renew the old wars between Danes and English.

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15
Q

What were the reasons against William of Normandy being King of England?

A

Harold was already established as King. An invasion of England would require a fleet and could be very risky. He would have little support in England.

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16
Q

What were the reasons against Harold Godwin being King of England?

A

William claimed that Harold had promised to support him as the next King, and had sworn on holy relics to do so.

17
Q

What were the reasons against Edgar the Atheling being King of England?

A

Only a boy so could not fight either Duke William or the King of Norway. Had been brought up in Hungary so had few supporters in England.

18
Q

When did Harold Godwinson become the new King of England?

A

6th January 1066

19
Q

In February and March 1066, what did Harold Godwinson tell English people about?

A

New laws and about ruling England because he wanted to show everyone that he was in charge of the country.

20
Q

In April 1066, what was Harold Godwinson really scared by?

A

Something he saw burning in the night sky and the people thought this meant it was a message from God telling them that maybe God was angry at the new King.

21
Q

How many soldiers did Harold Godwinson arrange for a big army to gather in the summer of 1066?

A

10,000

22
Q

How are William and Harold described?

A

Harold is described as a tall striking man with long hair and a general Saxon moustache. William was popular, powerful and if you betrayed him he would kill you, but if you were nice to him he would reward you.

23
Q

Who made up Harold’s Saxon army?

A

A core of full time professional soldiers made up Harold’s Saxon army also known as Housecarls. Also there was a part time army called the furred, though they weren’t as professional as the Housecarls.

24
Q

Why did William not invade in the Summer of 1066?

A

The weather in the English Channels were too rough

25
Q

Where did Harald Hardrada land with his Viking army?

A

Yorkshire

26
Q

How far did Harold have to march to fight the Vikings and how long did it take?

A

189 miles and 5 days

27
Q

When did the Battle of Stamford Bridge take place?

A

25th September 1066

28
Q

Why did Harold’s army win the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

The other team were unprepared and had no army covering them what do ever. They were caught unguarded, Harolds men had taken them by surprise.

29
Q

When and where did William land in England?

A

The English Coast on Pevensy Bay on the 28th September 1066.

30
Q

What troops did William have in his army?

A

Horses (Calvary/Knights), Norman men (troops), archers, mercenaries, highly professionally trained soldiers.

31
Q

Who else supported William?

A

The Pope, therefore God was (kind of ) by his side

32
Q

When and where did the Battle of Hastings take place?

A

Battle which is six miles away from Hastings on the 14th October 1066

33
Q

What is a shield wall?

A

A shield wall is when an army of men put all their shields together (lock them together) to create a wall like feature. This technique makes it very hard to get past. Basically the shields are overlapping each other.

34
Q

What tactics did William use to break the shield wall?

A

He convinced the Saxons to chase after the Normans who retreated. He tried to use archers to shoot their arrows high do that they would go over the Saxon shields to create holes in the shield wall.

35
Q

What happened to Harold?

A

He got hit in the eye with an arrow and the Saxons could no longer hold their shield wall.

36
Q

Why did the Normans win?

A

Harold’s Saxon army was tired having marched aver 200 miles to fight William, as well as having fought the Vikings at Stamford Bridge. William ordered his archers to shoot over the shield wall, they managed to hit Harold in the eye with an arrow. William had archers, infantry men and knights on horseback. William used clear tactics in pretending to run away so they could break the Saxon shield wall.

37
Q

On what day was William crowned king of England?

A

Christmas Day 1066

History (4 decks)

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