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History > Problems For William The Conquerer > Flashcards

Problems For William The Conquerer Flashcards

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1
Q

What did William use terror against and how?

A

William used terror against the English. His soldiers burnt crops and murdered people.

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2
Q

What did the Normans build?

A

The Normans built castles in important places all over the country. The first ones were built from wood and later ones were built from stone.

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3
Q

What did William introduce?

A

William introduced the Feudal System. He rented out land to rich nobles and in return they promised to obey him and give him soldiers.

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4
Q

What did William send around England?

A

William sent servants around England and they asked everybody how much land and animals they had. All of the answers were written down in the Domesday Book.

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5
Q

Who did William grant land to?

A

Tenants in Chief

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6
Q

Who did the tenants in Chief grant land to?

A

Knights (Lords)

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7
Q

Who did the knights (Lords) grant land to?

A

The peasants

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8
Q

What did the peasants promise the knights (lords)?

A

Promise services and payments to.

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9
Q

What did the knights (lords) promise the tenants in Chief?

A

Promise to serve in the army for 40 days a year.

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10
Q

What did the tenants in chief promise William?

A

Promise to provide knights for the army for 40 days a year

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11
Q

Draw and label a diagram of the feudal system?

A

Look at book

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12
Q

What did William not want the Saxon nobles to keep?

A

William did not want the Saxon nobles to keep their land. He wanted to give it to his supporters. As well as receiving land, the nobles had to swear an oath and agree to do homage. William needed an army so the nobles had to promise to provide knights for him. The nobles already knew about this system because it was used in Normandy. It was called the feudal system.

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13
Q

What did a tenant in chief have to do?

A

A tenant in chief: granted land by King William. They promise to provide knights in return for the army for 40 days a year.

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14
Q

What did an under tenant have to do?

A

An under tenant: the tenants in chief sometimes had their knights living with them in their castles. Usually, however, they gave some of their own land to the knights, who in return did homage and agreed to fight when asked. The knights became under tenants.

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15
Q

What does doing homage mean?

A

In Normandy when barons or bishops were given land they had to swear an oath of loyalty to the lord who was giving it.

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16
Q

What did knights have to do?

A

They promise to serve in the army for 40 days a year. The tenants in chief grant land to.

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17
Q

Why did the Saxons in the North of England revolt?

A

Because of the injustice and tyranny which the Normans and their comrades in arms had inflicted.

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18
Q

How did William respond to the revolt by the Saxons?

A

William’s army moved north, burning villages and crops, destroying houses and murdering locals. He was determined to show he would not accept any resistance. William ordered his soldiers to burn the land. This meant nothing could be grown and people would starve. Nothing could survive on the bear ground that was left.

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19
Q

What was the harrying of the north?

A

This was a warning to anyone thinking of opposing William. It made the invasion of North East England impossible for an invading to survive. It was an act of vengeance.

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20
Q

When did the Domesday survey take place?

A

1086

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21
Q

Why did William order the survey to be carried out?

A

William ordered the survey to be Carried out because the King had a large meeting, and a very deep consultation with his council, about his land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men.

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22
Q

What language was the Doomsday survey written in?

A

Latin (with a few English words)

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23
Q

How frequently is the gatehouse manned?

A

24 hours a day

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24
Q

List three types of weapons used by the guards in the gatehouse?

A

Forked poles, cross bows, long bows

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25
Q

What defensive feature was used in the gatehouse?

A

Murder holes

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26
Q

Is it true that boiling oil was used by castle defenders in the gatehouse?

A

Yes, but very rarely

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27
Q

What lessons did a page get in the Great tower?

A

He got very important lessons on how to be a knight e.g. Manners and basic education.

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28
Q

What job did a squire do in the great tower?

A

The squire looked after the knight Ecti Dress (dresses him and takes care of everything for him). They also look after a knight.

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29
Q

Who would make you a knight in the Great tower? What was your title?

A

Lord Sherwood would make you a knight - with the tap of a sword on each shoulder- at a special ceremony in the name of the king. After this, you could call yourself ‘sir’.

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30
Q

Who lived in the guardroom?

A

The soldiers who guard the castle

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31
Q

What jobs were done by a Fletcher and Armourer in the guardroom?

A

The Fletcher makes the bows and arrows, works nearby. The Armourer does repairs as well as making new weapons and Armour.

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32
Q

What modern luxury existed in the royal apartments for the king?

A

Apartments had been built for him in the latest fashion and with the best amenities. There were huge bay windows which filled the rooms with light and there was even water on the taps.

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33
Q

How many people might be included in a King’s visiting party?

A

100 of more

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34
Q

What could a prisoner do to make his life in jail easier?

A

You could pay the goalie money

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35
Q

What events took place in the Great hall?

A

Feasts and special occasions such as Christmas, harvest, thanksgiving. It was also used as a court and wedding/dining venues.

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36
Q

Who sat where in the Great hall?

A

Lord and Lady sit at the top of the table, if you were less important you would be further down the table.

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37
Q

Name the title of the person in charge of managing the Great hall?

A

The steward

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38
Q

How were diners entertained?

A

Singing, playing music, minstrels, shows, dancers.

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39
Q

How much did the Great Hall of Nottingham Castle cost in 1180?

A

£250

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40
Q

How was most cooking done?

A

In large open fires?

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41
Q

Name two uses of bread in medieval times?

A

Everyone eats a lot of it and slices of stale bread called ‘trenchers’ are used to eat off instead of plates.

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42
Q

Would fish and chips appear on your medieval menu?

A

Fish would be very popular, but no chips, or potatoes as they had not been introduced yet. Their carrots were purple.

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43
Q

Where was a tournament held?

A

In the outer Bailey

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44
Q

Describe early tournaments?

A

They were mock battles against small ‘armies’ of knights, bit too many people ended up dead, so the Lord and Lady had changed it into jousting.

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45
Q

What were later tournaments like?

A

They jousted; the knights would start by charging into each other on horseback, with long poles called lances. Whoever got knocked of their horse first and lost the battle would sometimes need to give away their armour.

46
Q

Give a description of the drawbridge?

A

The wooden bridge, which could be raised in times of danger

47
Q

Give a description of machicolations?

A

A place where the wall jutted out, with holes through which boiling oil could be poured on the attackers below

48
Q

Give a description of arrow slits?

A

These were narrow windows through which defenders could fire arrows

49
Q

Give a description of gun loops?

A

Arrow slits with a round hole for firing muskets

50
Q

Give a description of portcullis?

A

Metal gates, which could be lowered to block the doorway

51
Q

Give a description of towers?

A

Higher than the walls allowing defenders to fire at people who attacked the walls

52
Q

Give a description of spiral staircase?

A

These were circular going round and round allowing the defenders to use their swords.

53
Q

Give a description of merlons?

A

The uprights in the battlements

54
Q

Give a description of embrasures?

A

The gaps in the battlements

55
Q

Give a description of battlements?

A

The top of castle walls

56
Q

Give a description of walls?

A

Their height and thickness was the best defensive feature of the castle

57
Q

Give a description of the gatehouse?

A

A heavily protected entrance

58
Q

Give a description of a trebuchet?

A

A large siege weapon used to fling heavy objects against castle walls

59
Q

Give a description of a mangonel?

A

Similar to a trebuchet except this worked using tension ropes rather than a counterweight

60
Q

Give a description of a siege tower?

A

This was used to reach the top of the castle or town wall (but never used in the British Isles)

61
Q

Give a description of tunneling?

A

This method involved digging under the castle walls as a way of entering the castle. Also fires could be lit in these tunnels as a way of weakening the castle walls.

62
Q

Give a description of the battering ram?

A

Used to break the strong gates of a castle. Often had a penthouse or sow to protect the men using it from attack.

63
Q

Give a description of starvation (siege)?

A

Surrounding a castle and cutting off the people inside from their sources of food. These sieges could often take months but at some stage the castles occupants would surrender or starve.

64
Q

Draw and label a diagram of a motte and bailey castle?

A

Look at book

65
Q

What is the bailey?

A

The enclosed area, usually on a smaller mound of earth than the keep where soldiers and animals lived

66
Q

What is the keep?

A

This was a tower built on top of the motte as a lookout. It was the safest part of the castle.

67
Q

What is the moat?

A

This is the name given to the deep ditch surrounding the whole castle. Sometimes it was filled with water and made it harder for enemies to reach the castle walls.

68
Q

What is the wooden bridge?

A

This connected the keep to the bailey. Defenders smashed it if they had to retreat to the keep.

69
Q

What is the motte?

A

A small hill made by digging a large circular ditch and throwing the soil into the centre

70
Q

What s the palisade?

A

Defensive barrier made of wood surrounding the bailey.

71
Q

Na,e the six main features of a motte and bailey castle?

A

Bailey, keep, moat, wooden bridge, motte, palisade.

72
Q

Does the castle have any features that make it easy or difficult to attack?

A

The keep is the hardest part of the castle to attack as it is on a higher ground. The moat is not filled with water.

73
Q

How long might it take to build a motte and bailey castle?

A

It is quick and easy to build as it is made of wood. There are no towers- only one look out of the motte and bailey castle.

74
Q

What material was a motte and bailey castle built from?

A

The motte and bailey castles were made of wood because it was easy to get and build. Making it out of wood is a weakness because it is not as sturdy as stones and it can be set on fire easily, it could also rot.

75
Q

Describe the types of houses people in Ireland lived in in the 12th century?

A

Circular houses with vet little comfort. There was one room, in which the family lived, cooked and slept. Beds were often simply piles of straw and rushes strewn on the ground. Cloaks and animal skins were used as blankets. Stools and trestles were the only furniture.

76
Q

What foods did they eat?

A

They ate cows, pigs, sheep, wild fruit, berries, porridge made from wheat, barley and oat was flavored with salt or butter or herbs or honey, cereals which were ground with a querstone, milk, cheese, meat, pork and salmon.

77
Q

How did people cook their food?

A

They cooked using an open fire, spit and cauldron. The spit was used for roasting and the cauldron was used for stewing. Beef was not eaten as much as we might expect. Cattle was very valuable.

78
Q

What was cattle a sign of?

A

The more cattle a man had the wealthier he was considered

79
Q

What uses do you think we’re made of hides and bones once a cow was slaughtered?

A

Used as weapons or furniture

80
Q

What materials were clothes made up of? Give some examples.

A

Clothes were often made of wool. The wool was used in weaving cloth for cloaks, tunics, head and leg wear.

81
Q

How did they manage to dye their hair?

A

The dyes were made from vegetables, berries, seaweed and lichen. Colours were varied - red, purple, yellow and green and other shades could be produced

82
Q

What games and pastimes did they used to do?

A

The deer hunt, the boar chase, horse races, hurling, rounders, weight throwing, fidchell, brandub/chess/draughts.

83
Q

The Irish did not keep written records so how does this help explain the importance of the file?

A

The file’s job was to remember the history of the clan. If he wasn’t there no one would know about the history of the clan.

84
Q

What were Dermot MacMurrough and Rory O’Connor both?

A

High Kings

85
Q

What did Dermot go to seek?

A

Dermot went to seek help from Henry II the king of England because he had been driven from his kingdom in 1166

86
Q

How did Henry help Dermot?

A

Henry helped Dermot by giving him permission to bring Norman soldiers to Ireland and win back his lands

87
Q

Who was Richard FitzGilbert?

A

Richard FitzGilbert was the most powerful Norman to come to Ireland. Dermot promised him that he could marry his daughter, Aoife, and become King of Leinster when he died if he helped Dermot defeat O’Connor.

88
Q

What were the differences between the Norman and Irish warriors?

A

The differences between the Norman and Irish warriors were that the Normans were covered ‘head to toe’ with armour, helmets and shields whilst the Irish had less armoury but instead slings.

89
Q

What did the Normans capture?

A

The Normans captured the towns Dublin, Wexford and Waterford.

90
Q

When did Strongbow become king of leister?

A

1171

91
Q

What was Henry alarmed at?

A

Henry was alarmed at Strongbow’s victory in Ireland because he was declared as the new king of Leinster and was growing in power.

92
Q

What did strongbow have to do to please Henry and prevent him from being angry over being King of Leinster?

A

Strongbow traveled to England to make peace, to pay homage and give him some of the lands of Leinster.

93
Q

Why did Henry come to Ireland with so many soldiers?

A

To ensure that Strongbow was still loyal.

94
Q

Who did Henry leave as his representative in Ireland?

A

Hugh de Lacy

95
Q

Who did Henry leave as high king of Ireland?

A

Dermot MacMurragh

96
Q

What did the Irish church promise?

A

The Irish church promised to recognize the Pope’s authority after Henry’s visit.

97
Q

Where did Richard de Clare (Strongbow) come from and where did he go?

A

He came from Wales and came to Leinster

98
Q

Why did Richard de Clare (Strongbow) come to Leinster?

A

Dermot promised him that Strongbow could marry his eldest daughter-Aoife. This lead to kingship. He would regain more power and wealth.

99
Q

What did Richard de Clare (Strongbow) do when he arrived in Leinster?

A

He captured Waterford and Dublin and burnt it. Fight-surprise attack. The King dies. Fear-oath

100
Q

When did Richard de Clare (Strongbow) come to Leinster?

A

August 1770

101
Q

Where did John de Courcey come from and where did he go?

A

He came from Stoke Courcey, in Somerset, located in France and he came to Leinster in Ireland

102
Q

Why did John de Courcey come to Leinster?

A

To help the outside King of Leinster, Diarmaid Mac Murchada, regain his position as King

103
Q

What did John de Courcey do when he arrived in Leinster?

A

He came to conquer territory and while in Ireland, he did that. He built a lot of castles and monasteries. He fought a number of battles and was finally driven out of the country in 1204, because he had made new coins with Saint Patrick’s face on them NOT the Kings, that made the King very angry so he forced him out of Ireland.

104
Q

When did John de Courcey come to Leinster and when did he leave?

A

He came in 1177 and left in 1204

105
Q

Where did John de Courcy along with 300 soldiers move?

A

They moved North to the Counties of Down and Antrim in the year 117

106
Q

Who did John de Courcy defeat?

A

He defeated all Irish opposition, capturing the capital at Down, which he renamed Downpatrick.

107
Q

To defend his land, what did John build?

A

He built many castles, such as Dundrum, Downpatrick, Coleraine, Dromore and Newry

108
Q

In 1180 who did John marry?

A

Affreca, the daughter of King Gotterd of the Isle of Mann.

109
Q

Where was de Courcy allowed to stay?

A

In Ulster until eventually King John became jealous of him. He sent his friend Hugh de Lacy to Ulster to defeat de Courcy and take his land. De Courcy was imprisoned and later died abroad after living in poverty and obscurity.

110
Q

What is a legacy?

A

A legacy is something left behind after someone’s death. Sometimes it states who gets what

History (4 decks)

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