The Normal Periodontium Flashcards
Name the three types of mucosa found in the oral cavity
Masticatory, lining, and specialized
Name the type of cells that make up masticatory mucosa and where it is found
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, dorsum of the tongue and that attached gingiva (hard palate and around the alveolar bone)
What type of cells make up lining mucosa and where is it found?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and it is found in the buccal and labial mucosa
What type of cells make up the specialized mucosa and where is it found?
They are special sense cells (taste) and they are located on the dorsum of the tongue
What is one specialized feature of the masticatory epithelium? Explain
Rete Pegs. They are downward projections of the epithelium into the underlying connective tissue, their purpose is to increase the surface area to strengthen the epithelium so it doesn’t separate.
Name the four stratum of the epithelium of the oral cavity
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum
What is different about the stratum corneum?
It is made of dead cells that have no nuclei or organelles and it is highly keratinized
There are 3 types of collagen used in the basal lamina, what are they and where are the located?
Collagen IV-Lamina densa, Collagen VII-between basal and reticular lamina (anchoring fibrils), and Collagen III-Lamina reticularis
What is parakeratinized epithelium?
It is a hybrid of both keratinized and non-keratinezed epithelium. It is not abnormal but typically not the norm
What cell provides color that is located in the basal cell layer?
Melanocytes, there are also melanophages that eat the melanin
What are Langerhans cells?
They are macrophages that are located in the connective tissue, they are important in immune responses because they are antigen presenting cells the initiate an immune response.
What makes up the periodontium?
Gingiva, Periodontal ligaments, Cementum and the supporting alveolar bone
What are the three types of gingiva?
Attached, unattached (marginal & free) and interdental
Why does the periodontium change?
It is not the age of the patient but how long they have been exposed to the inflammatory response
What are the functions of the periodontium?
TSSN: Tooth support, shock absorber, sensory (for location of the jaw), Nutrition
Name 5 functions of the periodontium?
ARMAD: Attach, Resist, Maintain, Adjust, and Defend
What are the 4 anatomical areas of the gingiva?
Free gingiva (marginal), gingival sulcus, interdental gingiva, attached gingiva
What is usually located at about the same level or slightly apical to the free gingiva?
CEJ
What are the boundaries of the gingiva?
From the tooth down to the alveolar mucosa (Mucogingival junction)
What does erythema mean?
redness of the skin
There are two more names for free gingiva, what are they?
Gingival margin, FGM
What are the boundaries of the free gingiva?
Gingival margin and the free gingival groove
What are the boundaries of the attached gingiva?
Free gingival groove down to the mucogingival junction
What is the typical depth of the sulcus?
0-3 mm
What are the two gingival biotypes?
Thin scalloped (more common in women) and thick flat
What is the gingival sulcus?
The space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface
What is the base of the gingival sulcus from?
Junctional epithelium
T o F: The walls of the gingival sulcus are keratinized
False, they are non-keratinized
Name two facts about the sulcular epithelium
It is non-keratinized and it is semipermeable
Name 4 things about gingival crevicular fluid?
- Cleanses the gingival sulcus 2. aids in adhesion of the epithelium to the tooth 3. possesses antimicrobial properties 4. exerts antibody activity in defense of the gingiva
How is gingival crevicular fluid produced?
The bacterial plaque produces high molecular weight molecules that permeate the epithelial regions but are bound by the basement membrane, this results in an osmotic pressure that draws fluid out of the connective tissue into the sulcus
What is the difference between a transudate and an exudate?
Transudate is what normally happens due to the osmotic pressure. When the gingiva is inflamed and more GCF is released it is called an exudate
What are 4 ways to collect GCF?
Intracrevicular washing, absorbing paper strips, Micropipettes, and thread twisting
What is the composition of GCF?
Enzymatic components- host and bacterial derived products
Non-enzymatic components- organic components, electrolytes, and cellular components (PMNs)
