The Nitty Gritty Of Receptors Flashcards
How do we find receptor proteins for PAMPS?
By searching for mutant plants that cannot respond to PAMPs
What is Flagellin?
a receptor protein that reacts to a bacterial PAMP?
How is Flg encoded?
By an amino acid sequence of 22. Its called flg22
how is FLG22 recognized?
- a mutant that carries a mutagene in FLS2 (a protein in the plasma mmembrane) doesn‘t activate defences when treated with Flg22
-FLS2 contains a lot of Leucine ( Leucine rich repeat LRR) -> this is the part that binds Flg22
What is a LRR?
- Leucine rich repeat
-Commonly found in proteins involved in defence against pathogens
Where are most resistance Proteins containing a LRR domain located?
Intracellular, facing the inside of the cell
(Cf is extracellular -> a resistance protein in tomato plants)
What is a TIR domain?
Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain
A domain similar to the LRR domain that is commonly found in animals but also plants
What are Trichomes?
-Little hairs on the plants surface
-they can stop animals from walking on the leaf surface
-if these trichomes are ruptured by movement, the plant detects it and triggers defences
How are animals that eat a leaf detected?
The eating generates vibrations -> these vibrations will be transmitted to the other parts of the plant and defences are activated
Can plants detect these vibrations without an animal chewing on it?
Yes! If the plants detect these vibrations, defence mechanisms are applied - it can distinguish between these and vibrations caused by wind etc.
What do insects leave behind on a plant?
Saliva and regurgitation this helps the plant to recognize them but can also stop defence mechanisms
Why do insects regurgigate on plants?
The secretion contains compounds that are capable of supressing plant defences
What is damaged self recognition?
The ability of a plant to detect parts of it that are outside of their usual compartments
What are HAMPs?
Herbivore associated molecular PatternS
What contains HAMPS in insects?
Spit or regurgant
What happens to leaves treated with saliva from larvae
They contained less ATP than untreated leaves
The saliva contains enzymes that can degrade ATP (ATP hydrolysing enzymes) -> they are effectors and can suppress plants defences
How does the tomato plant protect itself against herbivores?
When an insect is feeding on it, a danger signal is produced in the tissue damaged and in the remote ones. This accumilates proteinase inhibitors (systemin) which prevent the insects from digesting proteins in their diet..
How does systemin travel
Through the phloem
What does the systemin receptor look like in tomato plants?
It has a LRR domain similar to the r Proteins recognizing PAMPs
What are Peps?
Plant elicitor peptides
Where are LRR domains found?
In receptors whose job is to detect peptide DAMPS and more
How does a plant recognize eggs on its surface?
By the secretions on top of the eggs
How do plants respond to eggs?
Similar as to microbes.
How do you call the fact that when a plant cell is attacked, the surrounding cells also activate defence
Systemic resistance
How does systemic resistance work?
The distant plant tissues are put on alert rather than already getting resistant
