the next one Flashcards
Atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together. ___________ became the hub of European expansion throughout the world
Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Plantations
Large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labour and produced staple crops
Europeans imported ____1____ from central and south America.
West indies, they imported ___2___. Colonies in North America ___3___
- Precious metals
- Sugar
- Timber, fish, tobacco, and furs
Mestizo
A person born to a Spanish father and a native mother
Creoles
Born in America of Spanish parents
Peninsulares
Those born in Spain
To expand its trade in the rest of the world, Europeans…
Seized territories and tried to established permanent settlements
Coffeehouses
People could meet socially and discuss business and politics
3 Main reasons for the population explosion
-Better weather produced bountiful harvests
-Improved agricultural techniques
-Disappearance of the plague after 1720
By 1750, Europe’s largest city
London
Conspicuous Consumption
The consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance ones prestige
50 Years of warfare saw 3 important developments
1.) A new power alignment arose
-a coalition of powers held France in check on the continent
2.) The British rise and the Dutch decline
3.) Russia emergence as a European power
Russia had defeated Sweden, considered to be one of the worlds best militaries and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent
Battle of Poltava
Strategic importance of the Bank of England
Enabled the government to raise money at low interest for foreign wars
Peter the Great
Expanded the Russian state into a much larger empire, led a cultural revolution in Russia to modernize them along Western standards
Peter introduced numerous reforms
-Founded the Russian Academy of Science
-Replaced the Russian calendar with the Julian
-Adopted European fashions and banned beards for men and veils for women
-Modernized the army and built a navy
Symbolized Russias “opening to the west”
St. Petersburg
The Table of Ranks
A formal list of positions and ranks in the military government, and court of imperial Russia. All social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown
Enlightenment
Cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe and the American colonies
What was the purpose of the Enlightenment
Reform society using reason advance knowledge through science
Opposed
Superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state
Central doctrines of Enlightened philosophers
Individual liberty religious tolerance
Significant criticism of the Enlightenment was that its followers…
Subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority
3 Main reasons for immigration to the New World
Economic, political, religious freedom
