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Russia Unit 2-Industrial and agricultural change, 1917-85 > The New Economic Policy > Flashcards

The New Economic Policy Flashcards

1
Q

What were some of the reasons Lenin introduced the NEP?

A

To retain political power
To revive the economy
To build socialism

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2
Q

How could the NEP help Lenin retain political power?

A

Described NEP as an economic retreat which was designed to stop a political defeat (using economic compromises).

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3
Q

Why did Lenin want the NEP to revive the economy?

A

Needed a policy that would stimulate grain production in order to end the famine.

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4
Q

How could the NEP help Lenin build Socialism?

A

Hoped the NEP would generate wealth that could be used to industrialise and modernise the Soviet economy.

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5
Q

How did the NEP end War Communism?

A

Created a mixed economy

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6
Q

What is a mixed economy?

A

Economy in which the state and private enterprise both play a significant role

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7
Q

How was a mixed economy created to end War Communism?

A

Farming left to free market
Small factories and workshops were denationalised and allowed to trade freely
Large factories and industries remained nationalised
Money was reintroduced

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8
Q

What could happen now that farming was left to the free market?

A

Peasants could buy, sell and produce freely.
Grain requisitioning ended and replaced with tax in kind.

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9
Q

What is tax in kind?

A

Tax in which producers pay the government a proportion of what they make, rather than paying in money.

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10
Q

Why was the NEP not wholly popular within the Party?

A

It was a compromise with Capitalism

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11
Q

What did the NEP lead to?

A

Political and economic stability

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12
Q

What did the NEP not lead to?

A

Rapid industrial growth

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13
Q

What sections did the NEP divide the Communist Party into?

A

Right-wing
Left wing
Centre

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14
Q

What sections of the Communist Party supported the NEP?

A

Right-wing
Centre

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15
Q

What section of the Communist Party opposed the NEP?

A

Left-wing

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16
Q

Why did the right-wing of the Communist Party support the NEP?

A

Argued that it was a form of state capitalism, and a necessary transitional stagr

17
Q

Why did the left-wing of the Communist Party oppose the NEP?

A

Argued that it was allowing the problems of capitalism to re-emerge

18
Q

Why did the centre of the Communist Party support the NEP?

A

Argued that it was helping rebuild the economy

19
Q

How did the NEP impact farming?

A

Ending grain requisition=extremely popular among peasants
Free trade=encouraged peasants to grow more food
Therefore, famine ended and farming revived

20
Q

How did the NEP impact industry?

A

Led to industrial growth
Lenin authorised major electrification campaign=revived industry which effectively was destroyed by Civil War
However, industrial recovery was slow.

21
Q

What was the scissors crisis?

A

name for an incident in early Soviet history caused by NEP

22
Q

How did the NEP lead to the ‘scissors crisis’?

A

Agriculture recovered quickly; industry much more slowly.
Imbalance led to a fall in price of food and rise in price of industrial goods
Gap was opened between farmers’ incomes and industrial prices.

23
Q

Why did Trotsky nickname the crisis, the ‘scissors crisis’?

A

Lines on the graph illustrating the problem looked like the blades of a pair of scissors

24
Q

What did the government have to do as a result of the ‘scissors crisis’?

A

Forced to step in and impose price cuts on industrial goods

25
Q

How did the NEP lead to the re-emergence of inequality?

A

Large farms prospered, whereas small farms did less well.
‘NEPmen’ grew rich

26
Q

Who were ‘NEPmen’?

A

Traders who travelled the country selling highly desirable goods

27
Q

What did Communists view NEPmen as?

A

Parasites

28
Q

Why did Communists view NEPmen as parasites?

A

They made money without producing anything.

29
Q

From time to time, what were the NEPmen arrested by the Cheka for?

A

Profiteering

30
Q

What is profiteering?

A

Making money through illegal trade

31
Q

How did the NEP lead to corruption?

A

Gambling, prostitution and drug dealing all took place under it

32
Q

What was prostitution a result of ?

A

Wider social and economic problems

33
Q

What did prostitution lead to in the 1920s?

A

Widespread poverty among women

34
Q

How did the NEP provide political stability?

A

Peasants in favour of abolishing grain requisitioning
Peasants began supporting regime

35
Q

Why was political stability a deliberate part of Lenin’s NEP?

A

Argued Communist government was based on an alliance, or ‘smychka’, between workers and peasants, which was made possible by NEP.

Russia Unit 2-Industrial and agricultural change, 1917-85 (7 decks)

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