The Neuronal Cell Flashcards
What structures are contained on/in the soma?
Nissl bodies, lipofusin clumps, neurofibrils
Dendrites made up of specialised contact surfaces
hillock, trigger zone, inital segment,
What speed of conduction is produced by the myelin sheath?
100m/s
How is multiple sclerosis caused?
Inflammatory disease and autoimmune attack of the schwann cells
What cellular organelle is lacking in the axon?
ER
What muscle groups are innervated by the autonomic branch?
Smooth, cardic (involuntary muscle)
glands
What are the functional classes?
sensory/afferent
interneuron
motor/efferent
What are the structural classes?
Multipolar with multiple dendrites
Bipolar with one axon, one dendrite
Unipolar with cell body not in linear route
Where are unipolar neurons found?
Sensory information
How are unipolar neurons found?
Fusion of axon and dendrite in embryonic stage
Where are multipolar neurons found?
Brain and spine (CNS)
Where are bipolar neurons found?
retina
olfactory
ear
What factors affect the rate of impulse?
Axon diameter
Axon properties
Presence of myelin
How do SNAREs act?
t/Q SNARES and v/R SNARES zip
Hemifusion to single bilayer by curvature tension
pore
How are SNAREs bound to membrane?
Lipid linked or integral proteins
What are examples of Q SNARES?
syntaxin
SNAP25
What are examples of v SNARES?
Synaptobrevin
How are synapses implicated in neurodegeneration?
Reduced by misfold aggregation, formation of neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular plaques
What are the neurodegenerative diseases?
Parkinsons Hungtingtons Prion Familial British Dementia Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis
How many neurotransmitters are there?
> 100
What are the types of neurotransmitters?
Organics Amines Amino acids Peptides Gases
How can Alzhiemers be treated?
NMDA (excitory) Glu antagonists
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
