the neuromuscular system Flashcards
what is the sympathetic nervous system
increases hr, br, bp etc
movement
prepares for exercise and ‘fight or flight’
what is the parasympathetic nervous system
rest and recovery
slows down high energy functions
‘rest and relax’
3 types of muscle fibres
type 1 (slow oxidative) type lla (fast oxidative) type llx (fast glycolytic)
characteristics of type 1
higher number of mitochondria
high level of myoglobin
high capillary density
high levels of oxidative enzymes
type lla&llx characteristics
high pc store
high glycogen stores
high myosin ATPase activity
high glycolytic enzyme activity
types of sports for each mf type
type 1-long distance&endurance
type lla-1500m in athletics
type llx-100m sprint athletics
contraction speed for each mf (metre per sec)
type 1—slow(110)
type lla—fast(50)
type llx—fast(50)
force produced for each mf
type 1–low
type lla—high
type llx—high
fatiguability for each mf
type 1–low
type lla—medium
type llx—high
colour of each mf
type 1–dark red
type lla—red/pink
type llx—white
motor neurone conduction capacity for each mf
type 1—slow
type lla—fast
type llx—fast
explanation for fast twitch muscle fibres characteristics
high PC store-inc energy source for ATP production via ATP-PC system
high glycogen stores-inc energy source for ATP production via the lactate anaerobic system
high myosin ATPase activity-inc enzyme activity for ATP production within ATP-PC system
high glycogen enzyme activity-inc activity&ATP production within lactate anaerobic system
explanation for slow twitch muscle fibre characteristics
high number of mitochondria-increases ability to produce large amounts of ATP as mitochondria are the site of the Krebs cycle
high levels of myoglobin-myoglobin stores o2 in cells so cells have high o2 store capacity
high capillary density-provides larger&continuous supply of o2&glucose
high levels of oxidative enzymes-allows o2 to be used efficiently to produce energy aerobically
