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Introduction to networks > The Network Layer Chap 6 > Flashcards

The Network Layer Chap 6 Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic processes of the Network layer

A

addressing end devices
encapsulation
routing
de-encapsulation

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2
Q

3 basic charecteristics of IP

A

connectionless
best effort(unreliable)
media independent

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3
Q

what happens if out-of-order or missing packets create problems for the application using the data?

A

upper layer services, such as TCP, must resolve the issue

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4
Q

What is the only major characteristic of the network-layer of the media considers?

A

the maximum size of the PDU that each medium can transport or the maximum transmission unit (MTU)

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5
Q

what is it called when and intermediate device such as a router must split up a packet when forwarding it from one medium to a medium with a smaller MTU?

A

fragmenting the packet or fragmentation

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts to an IPv4 packet?

A

IP header and Payload

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7
Q

What are the 6 significant fields in an IPv4 header?

A
  1. version 2. Differentiated Services(DS) 3. TTL 4. Protocol 5. Source IP 6. Destination IP
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8
Q

what is the 8 bit ipv4 header field that indicates the data payload type that the packet is carrying?

A

Protocol field

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9
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field uses the traceroute command to identify routers used between source and destination?

A

TTL field

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10
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field is used to determine the priority of each packet?

A

Differentiated Serviced (DS)

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11
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field is used to identify the ip packet version?

A

version field

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12
Q

What is the ipv4 version field always set to?

A

0100

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13
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field identifies the number of 32-bit words in the header?

A

internet header length

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14
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field error checks the ip header

A

header checksum

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15
Q

What happens to the packet if the header checksum is incorrect

A

the packet is dropped

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16
Q

Which ipv4 packet header field defines the entire packet size?

A

total length

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17
Q

what is the size range a packet can be?

A

20 bytes to 65535 bytes

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18
Q

what is the size of a packet header?

A

20 bytes

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19
Q

What are 3 limitations of IPv4

A
  1. IP address depletion 2. Internet routing table depletion 3. Lack of end to end connectivity
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20
Q

Advantages of IPv6

A
  1. Improved packet handling 2. eliminate the need for NAT 3. Integrated security
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21
Q

how many addresses does ipv4 provide?

A

4.2 million

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22
Q

how many addresses does ipv6 provide?

A

340 undecillion

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23
Q

how many header fields does ipv6 have?

A

8 fields

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24
Q

4 advantages ipv6 headers offer over ipv4 headers?

A
  1. Better routing efficiency for performance and forwarding-rate scalability
  2. No requirement for processing checksums
  3. Simplified and more efficient extension header mechanisms ( as opposed to the ipv4 options field)
  4. A flow label field for per-flow processing with no need to open the transport inner packet to identify the various traffic flows
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25
Q

what are the 8 fields in an ipv6 packet header?

A

Version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, next header, hop limit, source ip address, destination ip address

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26
Q

Which ipv6 header field is equivalent to the ipv4 DS field?

A

traffic class field

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27
Q

what is the version number in an ipv6 version header filed always set to?

A

0110

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28
Q

Which ipv6 packet header can be used to inform routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packet flow so that packets are not reordered?

A

flow label

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29
Q

Which ipv6 packet header is equivalent to the ipv4 protocol field?

A

next header

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30
Q

Size of the IPV6 header version

A

4 bits

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31
Q

Size of the IPV6 header traffic class

A

8 bit

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32
Q

Size of the IPV6 header flow label

A

20 bit

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33
Q

Size of the IPV6 header payload length

A

16 bit

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34
Q

Size of the IPV6 header next header

A

8 bit

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35
Q

Size of the IPV6 header hop limit

A

8 bit

36
Q

Size of the IPV6 header source address

A

128 bit

37
Q

Size of the IPV6 header destination address

A

128 bit

38
Q

A host can send packets to which 3 destinations?

A

itself, local host, remote host

39
Q

what is the router connected to the local network segment referred to as?

A

default gateway

40
Q

what command can be used on a Windows host to display the host routing table?

A

route print or netstat -r

41
Q

what is the address for the local default route, the route with destinations do not match other specified addresses in the routing table?

A

0.0.0.0

42
Q

What is the range for loopback addresses?

A

127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

43
Q

which command is used to display the routing table in a cisco ios router

A

show ip route

44
Q

Identifies a directly connected network. Directly connected networks are automatically created when an interface is configured with an IP address and activated.

A

c

45
Q

Identifies that this is a link local route. Link local routes are automatically created when an interface is configured with an IP address and activated.

A

L

46
Q

Identifies that the route was manually created by an administrator to reach a specific network. This is known as a static route.

A

S

47
Q

Identifies that the route was learned dynamically from another router using the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

A

D

48
Q

Identifies that the route was learned dynamically from another router using the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol.

A

O

49
Q

In a routing table, what identifies the trustworthiness of the route source?

A

administrative distance

50
Q

In a routing table, what identifies the value assigned to reach the remote network? Lower values indicate preferred networks

A

metric

51
Q

In a routing table, what identifies the IP address of the next router to forward the packet

A

next-hop

52
Q

In a routing table, what identifies when the route was last heard from?

A

route timestamp

53
Q

in a routing table, what identifies the exit interface to use to forward a packet toward the final destination?

A

Outgoing interface

54
Q

in a routing table, what identifies the address of the remote network?

A

destination network

55
Q

in a routing table, what identifies how the route was learned?

A

route source

56
Q

What is the address of the device that will process the packet next?

A

next hop

57
Q

What do Cisco devices require to execute OS instructions, such as system initialization, routing functions, and switching functions.

A

CPU

58
Q

system software used in most cisco devices regardless of the size and type of the device.

A

cisco internetwork operating system (IOS)

59
Q

Volatile memory that requires continual power to maintain its information.

A

Random access memory RAM

60
Q

Memory that stores the bootup instructions

A

ROM

61
Q

Memory that contains the startup configuration

A

NVRAM

62
Q

Non volatile Memory that contains the IOS

A

Flash

63
Q

Memory that contains the running configuration files

A

RAM

64
Q

Memory that contains a limited IOS in case the router cannot load the full version

A

ROM

65
Q

Memory that contains the basic diagnostic software

A

ROM

66
Q

Memory that contains the ip routing and ARP tables

A

RAM

67
Q

Memory that contains basic diagnostic software

A

ROM

68
Q

Memory that contains the packet buffer

A

RAM

69
Q

Router component that connects routers to external networks usually over a large distance

A

WAN interface

70
Q

A way to remotely access the CLI across a network interface

A

Telnet or SSH

71
Q

Router component that connects computers, switches, and routers for internal networking.

A

LAN interface

72
Q

A local port on a router which uses USB or low-speed, serial connections to manage network devices.

A

Console port

73
Q

A port to manage routers using telephone lines and modems

A

aux port

74
Q

What is the first step in a router boot up process and which part of the router does it boot this process from?

A

Perform POST and load the bootstrap from ROM.

75
Q

What is the second step in a router boot up process and which part of the router does it boot this process from?

A

Locate and load the Cisco IOS software from either flash, a TFTP server, or ROM

76
Q

What is the third step in a router boot up process and which part of the router does it boot this process from?

A

Locate and load the configuration file from either NVRAM, a TFTP server, or the console port.

77
Q

What program searches for the configuration file?

A

the bootstrap program

78
Q

Where is the IOS typically located before startup

A

flash memory

79
Q

Where does the router look for the IOS if it is not found in flash?

A

tftp server, but if a full ios image is not located there, a scaled down version can be found in ROM

80
Q

Which show command is used to verify and troubleshoot some of the basic hardware and software components of the router?

A

show version

81
Q

global configuration command to prevent passwords from displaying as plain text in the configuration file.

A

service password-encryption

82
Q

what command activates an interface?

A

no shutdown

83
Q

Which show command of all interfaces, their ip addresses, and their current status?

A

show ip interface brief

84
Q

which show command displays the contents of the ipv4 routing table stored in ram?

A

show ip route

85
Q

which show command displays statistics for all interfaces on the device?

A

show interface

86
Q

which show command displays the ipv4 statistics for all interfaces on a router?

A

show ip interface

Introduction to networks (9 decks)

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