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Introduction to networks > Network Access Chap 4 > Flashcards

Network Access Chap 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which medium uses signals that are patterns of electrical pulses?

A

copper cable

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2
Q

Which medium uses signals that are patterns of lights?

A

fiber-optic cable

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3
Q

Which medium uses signals that are patterns of microwave transmissions?

A

wireless

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4
Q

Which organization implements and governs the tcp/ip standards?

A

ietf

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5
Q

method of converting stream of data bits into groupings of bits used to provide a predictable pattern that can be recognized by both the sender and the received. In the case of networking, encoding is a pattern of voltage or current used to represent bits; the 0s and 1s.

A

encoding

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6
Q

A 0 is represented by a high to low voltage transition and a 1 is represented as a low to high voltage transition. This type of encoding is used in older versions of Ethernet, RFID and Near Field Communication.

A

manchester encoding

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7
Q

This is a common means of encoding data that has two states termed “zero” and “one” and no neutral or rest position. A 0 may be represented by one voltage level on the media and a 1 might be represented by a different voltage on the media.

A

Non-Return to Zero (NRZ)

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8
Q

Data signals are transmitted without an associated clock signal. The time spacing between data characters or blocks may be of arbitrary duration, meaning the spacing is not standardized. Therefore, frames require start and stop indicator flags.

A

Asynchronous

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9
Q

Data signals are sent along with a clock signal which occurs at evenly spaced time durations referred to as the bit time.

A

Synchronous

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10
Q

A method of transmission in which the carrier frequency varies in accordance with the signal.

A

Frequency modulation (FM)

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11
Q

A transmission technique in which the amplitude of the carrier varies in accordance with the signal.

A

Amplitude modulation (AM)

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12
Q

A technique in which an analog signal, such as a voice, is converted into a digital signal by sampling the signal’s amplitude and expressing the different amplitudes as a binary number. The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency in the signal.

A

Pulse-coded modulation (PCM)

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13
Q

What are the two factors that determine the practical bandwidth of a network

A

Properties of the physical media

The technologies chosen for signaling and detecting network signals

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14
Q

the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time.

A

throughput

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15
Q

the amount of time, to include delays, for data to travel from one given point to another.

A

latency

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16
Q

the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time.

A

goodput

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17
Q

2 sources that timing and voltage values are susceptible to

A

electromagnetic interference EMI

crosstalk

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18
Q

the most common copper networking media.

A

unshielded twisted pair utp

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19
Q

Why are the wires twisted in utp cables

A

helps protect against signal interference from other wires.

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20
Q

Why isnt shielded twisted pair STP used more often

A

expense

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21
Q

The new ethernet 10gb standard uses this form of copper media

A

stp

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22
Q

copper media that attaches antennas to wireless devices-can be bundled with fiber optic cabling for two-way data transmission

A

coaxial

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23
Q

copper media that counters emi and rfi by using shielding techniques and special connectors

A

stp

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24
Q

copper media that terminates with BNC, N type, and F type connectors

A

coaxial

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25
Q

How does utp counter the effects of emi and rfi?

A
  1. cancellation-pair wires in a circuit

2. vary the number of twists per wire pair

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26
Q

Who defines the electrical characteristics of copper cabling

A

ieee

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27
Q

what is utp cabling usually terminated with

A

rj-45 connector

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28
Q

The most common type of networking cable. It is commonly used to interconnect a host to a switch and a switch to a router.

A

ethernet straight through cable

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29
Q

An uncommon cable used to interconnect similar devices together. For example to connect a switch to a switch, a host to a host, or a router to a router.

A

ethernet crossover

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30
Q

A Cisco proprietary cable used to connect to a router or switch console port.

A

rollover

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31
Q

both ends t568a or both ends t568b

A

straight through

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32
Q

one end t568a at one end and t568b at the other end

A

crossover

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33
Q

connects a serial port to a router console port using an adapter

A

rollover

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34
Q

wire diagram for t568a

A

wh green/green, wh orange, blue/wh blue, orange, wh brown/brown

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35
Q

wire diagram for t568b

A

wh orange/orange, wh green, blue/wh blue, green, wh brown, brown

36
Q

section of the optical fiber cabling that consists of pure glass and is the part of the fiber where light is carried

A

core

37
Q

section of the optical fiber cable that is the

A

glass that surrounds the core and acts as a mirror.

38
Q

section of the optical fiber cable that is typically pvc and protects the core and the cladding

A

jacket

39
Q

fiber mode that consists Consists of a very small core and uses expensive laser technology to send a single ray of light.

A

singlemode fiber

40
Q

fiber mode that is popular in long-distance situations spanning hundreds of kms such as required in long haul telephony and cable tv applications

A

singlemode fiber

41
Q

fiber mode that consists of a larger core and uses led emitters to send light pulses

A

multimode fiber

42
Q

fiber mode commonly used with lans or distances of a couple hundred meters within a campus network

A

multimode

43
Q

fiber mode that allows greater dispertions, therefore loss of signal

A

multimode fiber

44
Q

An older bayonet style fiber optic connector widely used with multimode fiber.

A

straight-tip(st)

45
Q

Fiber optic connector sometimes referred to as square connector or standard connector. It is a widely adopted LAN and WAN connector that uses a push-pull mechanism to ensure positive insertion. This connector type is used with multimode and single-mode fiber.

A

Subscriber-connector (sc)

46
Q

Fiber optic connector sometimes called a little or local connector, is quickly growing in popularity due to its smaller size. It is used with single-mode fiber and also supports multimode fiber.

A

Lucent connector LC

47
Q

What are the 3 types of fiber optic termination and splicing errors

A
  1. misalignment-media not precisely aligned to one another
  2. end gap-the media does not completely touch at the splice or connection
  3. end finish-the media ends are not well polished or dirt is present at the termination
48
Q

disadvantages of optical fiber media

A

expensive, special skills and equipment are necessary to terminate and splice cable, and more careful handling of the media is required

49
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? can travel approximately 1.24 miles or 2km/2000m

A

multimode

50
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? uses light emitting diodes (leds) as data light source transmitter

A

multimode

51
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? uses laser in a single stream as a data light source tranmitter

A

single-mode

52
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? used to connect long-distance telephony and cable tv applications

A

single-mode

53
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? can travel approximately 62.5 miles or 100km/100000m

A

single-mode

54
Q

multimode or single-mode fiber media? used within campus network

A

multimode

55
Q

Operates in the 5 GHz frequency band and offers speeds of up to 54 Mb/s. Because this standard operates at higher frequencies, it has a smaller coverage area and is less effective at penetrating building structures.

A

ieee 802.11a

56
Q

Operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and offers speeds of up to 11 Mb/s. Devices implementing this standard have a longer range and are better able to penetrate building structures

A

ieee 802.11b

57
Q

Operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and offers speeds of up to 54 Mbps. Devices implementing this standard therefore operate at the same radio frequency and range as 802.11b but with the bandwidth of 802.11a.

A

ieee 802.11g

58
Q

Operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. The typical expected data rates range from 150 Mb/s to 600 Mb/s with a distance range of up to 70 meters.

A

ieee 802.11n

59
Q

Operates in the 5 GHz frequency band providing data rates ranging from 450 Mb/s to 1.3 Gb/s (1300 Mb/s.)

A

ieee 802.11ac

60
Q

2 basic services data link layer provides

A
  1. accepts layer 3 packets and packages them into frames

2. controls media access control and performs error detection

61
Q

refers to the material that actually carries the data signals, such as copper cable and optical fiber.

A

media or medium

62
Q

upper sublayer defines the software processes that provide services to the network layer protocols.

A

logical link control LLC

63
Q

Layer that places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame. This information allows multiple Layer 3 protocols, such as IPv4 and IPv6, to utilize the same network interface and media.

A

logical link control LLC

64
Q

lower sublayer defines the media access processes performed by the hardware.

A

media access control MAC

65
Q

Layer that provides data link layer addressing and delimiting of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium and the type of data link layer protocol in use

A

media access control MAC

66
Q

What generic fields make up the header in a frame

A

Frame start
Addressing
type
control

67
Q

What generic fields make up the trailer in a frame

A

Error detection

Frame stop

68
Q

Which frame field is used by the LLC to identify the Layer 3 protocol?

A

Type

69
Q

Which frame field is used by the MAC sublayer to identify the source and destination nodes?

A

Addressing

70
Q

Which frame fields are used by the MAC sublayer to identify the beginning and end limits of the frame?

A

Frame start and stop flags

71
Q

Frame field included after data to form the trailer?

A

error detection

72
Q

Topology that refers to the connections and identifies how end devices and infrastructure devices such as routers, switches, and wireless access points are interconnected.

A

physical topology

73
Q

Topology that refers to the way a network transfers frames from one node to the next. This arrangement consists of virtual connections between the nodes of a network.

A

logical toplogy

74
Q

This is the simplest topology which consists of a permanent link between two endpoints. For this reason, this is a very popular WAN topology.

A

point to point

75
Q

A WAN version of the star topology in which a central site interconnects branch sites using point-to-point links.

A

hub and spoke

76
Q

his topology provides high availability, but requires that every end system be interconnected to every other system.

A

mesh

77
Q

Both devices can both transmit and receive on the media but cannot do so simultaneously.

A

half duplex communication

78
Q

Both devices can transmit and receive on the media at the same time. The data link layer assumes that the media is available for transmission for both nodes at any time.

A

full duplex communication

79
Q

Media access control method when all nodes compete for the use of the medium but have a plan if there are collisions.

A

contention-based access

80
Q

Media access control method when each node has its own time to use the medium.

A

controlled access

81
Q

Advantage of contention based media access control methods

A

low overhead

82
Q

disadvantage of contention base media access control methods

A

do not scale well

83
Q

Advantage of controlled access media access control methods

A

well ordered and provides predictable throughput

84
Q

Disadvantage of controlled access media access control methods

A

can be inefficient because a device has to wait for its turn before it can use the medium

85
Q

What are the IEEE standards that define Ethernet?

A

802.2 and 802.3

86
Q

What layer is define ethernet standards?

A

Layer 2 protocols and Layer 1 technologies

Introduction to networks (9 decks)

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