The Nervous System & The Neuron Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Body’s communication network that consists of all nerve cells

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2
Q

The Central Nervous System

A

Coordinates the actions and interactions of the brain & spinal cord, body’s main control center.

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3
Q

The Peripheral nervous system

A

Includes the sensory nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

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4
Q

Motor Pathway

A

Signals from brain to muscles/glands

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5
Q

Sensory Pathway

A

Signals from sensory receptors to the brain

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6
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Includes the nerves that transmit signals from your brain to the skeletal muscles to allow voluntary movement.

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7
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Carry information from the nerves to the central nervous system.

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8
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles fibers throughout the body. efferent neurons exit the brain.

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9
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.

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10
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Signal is sent from a sensory organ to the spinal cord, which processes the information instead of passing it on to the brain.

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11
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Resulates involuntary and unconscious actions

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12
Q

Sympathetic nervous system*

A

Emergency response system, if something alarms, enrages, or challenges you “Fight, Fright, or Freeze”

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13
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Functions to calm the person “Rest & Digest”

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14
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cell in the nervous system that receives and sends messages with electrochemical signals.

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Are chemicals in the brain that carry messages from one neuron to another.

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16
Q

Glial Cells

A

Cells that Provide physical support for the neurons to grow on and around (glue)

17
Q

Dendrites

A

Part of a neuron, branch-like extensions that receives electrical messages from other cells.

18
Q

Receptor Sites

A

Receive Signals, receptor sites are the lock where the neurotransmitter molecule fits into

19
Q

Soma

A

The Cell Body of the neuron responsible to maintain the cell and keep the neuron functional.

20
Q

Axon

A

Fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings, its job is to carry messages out to other cells

21
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Layer of fatty substance produced by certain glial cells, wrap around the axon to protect the nerve fiber from damage, insulating sheath, speeds up the neural message.

22
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Tips at the end of the axon, send signal to other neurons

23
Q

Synapse

A

Meeting point between neurons, at the end of the terminal button is a gap known as a synapse

24
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Store various neurotransmitters (Chemicals) that are released at the synapse

25
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Less than a millionth of an inch away