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Bioscience Module 2 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sensory function of the nervous system?

A

Sensory receptors detect internal or external stimuli then carried into the brain and spinal

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2
Q

What is the integrative function of the nervous system?

A

The system processing and analysing information and making decisions

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3
Q

What is the motor function of the nervous system?

A

Elicit motor responses by activating effectors (muscles and glands)

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?

A
  • Neuroglia (glial cells)

- Neurons

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5
Q

Which neuroglia cells are found in the CNS?

A
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal cells
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6
Q

Which neuroglia cells are found in the PNS?

A
  • Satellite cells

- Schwann cells

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7
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?

A
  • Cell body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
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8
Q

How are neurons classified structurally?

A

Classified according to the number of processes extending from the cell body

  • Bipolar
  • Unipolar
  • Multipolar
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9
Q

How are neurons classified functionally?

A

Classified according to which direction the nerve impulse is conveyed with respect to CNS

  • Sensory/ afferent
  • Motor/ efferent
  • Interneurons
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10
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes wrap around the axons of most neurons

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11
Q

What do myelinated nerves do?

A

Transmit impulses faster and the myelin sheath can help to repair damaged neurons if the damage is to the axon or dendrites

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12
Q

What protects the CNS?

A
  • Bones of the skull
  • Meninges and CSF
  • Blood brain barrier
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13
Q

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do?

A

lubricates and nourishes CNS and constantly circulates

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14
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the brain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
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15
Q

What are the 3 structures of the diencephalon?

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Epithalamus
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16
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
17
Q

What is the reticular activating system?

A

The RAS is a set of connected nuclei in the brain that is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep - wake transitions

18
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Its functions are to coordinate the skeletal muscle contractions, body posture and balance

19
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

Nerves originating directly from the brain and brainstem. There are 12 in total and they carry a range of motor, sensory and autonomic functions

20
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body

21
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column

Bioscience Module 2 (6 decks)

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