The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
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2
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Superficial, thinner portion, keratinised stratified epithelial tissue. Avascular, layered, epidermal ridges - finger prints and toes prints

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3
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Thicker connective tissue, vascular. Fibres extend from the dermis anchor the skin to the the subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer?

A

It is not part of the skin, areolar and adipose tissue. contains Pacinian Corpuscles (nerve endings sensitive to pressure)

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5
Q

What makes up the epidermis?

A
  • Keratinocyte (90%)
  • Melanocytes (8%)
  • Intraepidermal macrophage
  • Tactile epithelial cells
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6
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

5) Stratum corneum
4) Stratum lucidum
3) Stratum granulosum
2) Stratum spinosum
1) Stratum basale

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7
Q

What are the 2 regions of the dermis?

A
  • Superficial papillary region

- Deeper reticular region

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8
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Skin glands
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9
Q

What are the main functions of hair?

A
  • Protection from sunlight
  • Sweat
  • Cosmetic identity
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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of hair follicle growth?

A
  • Androgen
  • Catagen
  • Telogen
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11
Q

What are the functions of nails?

A
  • Protect ends of fingers and toes
  • Support the palmar surface
  • grasp, manipulate small object and scratch objects
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12
Q

What are sebaceous/ oil glands?

A

Secretion of sebum for moisturising the skin, prevent dryness, keep the skin soft.

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13
Q

What are the sudoriferious/ sweat glands?

A

Are involved in emotional sweating

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14
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands?

A

These help to regulate body temperature through evaporation

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15
Q

What are apocrine sweat glands?

A

These do not help to regulate temperature. They only begin to function after puberty and open onto the hair follicles

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16
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Located in the external ear. The glands produce waxy lubricating secretion - cerumen

17
Q

What are mammary glands?

A

Modified sweat glands that produce milk

18
Q

What affects skin colour?

A

Capillaries in the skin, carrying oxygenated red blood contribute to skin colour. When blood vessels dilate from heat the skin turns red and when blood flow decreases skin pales

19
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • Thermoregulation
  • Blood reservoir
  • Protection
  • Sensations
  • Excretion and absorption
  • Vitamin D synthesis
20
Q

What are the stages of wound healing?

A
  • Hemostasis and coagulation
  • Inflammation
  • Proliferative and Migration
  • Remodelling