The nervous system

Question 1

What does the Central Nervous system consist of?

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal column

Question 2

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 2

Consists of all the nerves that relay information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body

Question 3

What is the function of a motor neurone?

Answer 3

Connects nerves to effectors such as muscles or glands

Question 4

What is the function of sensory neurones?

Answer 4

Receive information of the environment from the senses

Question 4

What is the function of interneurons?

Answer 4

Located entirely in the CNS, local and relay interneurons form circuits to regions in the brain that are responsible for complex behaviours

Question 5

What is the typical resting potential of a neurone?

Answer 5

-70mv

Question 6

Why is a neurone typically negative while at a resting state?

Answer 6

The intracellular fluid has a negative charge whilst the Extracellular fluid is positive

Question 7

What does it mean if a neurone becomes hyperpolarized?

Answer 7

The charge becomes more negative (for example -80mv)

Question 8

What does it mean if a neurone becomes depolarized?

Answer 8

The neurone receives a positive charge and becomes closer to 0 (for example -50mv)

Question 9

What is a threshold of excitation?

Answer 9

A set point for depolarisation to trigger

Question 10

Describe an action potential within an axon?

Answer 10

Rapid depolarization followed by rapid hyperpolarization

Question 11

Where in the neurone does action potential occur?

Answer 11

At the very start of the axon to the end of the terminal buttons

Question 12

What is an ion (located in the intra and extra cellular fluids)?

Answer 12

A molecule with an electric charge

Question 13

What is the name given to an ion with a positive charge?

Answer 13

Cations

Question 14

What is the name given to an ion with a negative charge?

Answer 14

Anions

Question 15

Which Ion’s are more prominent in Extracellular fluid (think about salt water)?

Answer 15

Na+ and Cl-

Question 16

Which ion’s are more prominent in intracellular fluid?

Answer 16

K+

Question 17

What’s the name given to a chemical that attaches to a binding site?

Answer 17

Ligand

Question 18

How does an action potential cause vesicles to release neurotransmitters?

Answer 18

By causing vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane which in turn breaks them open and pours their contents into the synaptic cleft