the nephron

Question 1

nephron functioning

Answer 1

structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Question 2

how many nephrons are contained in a kidney

Answer 2

2 mil

Question 3

nephrons are made up of/segments

Answer 3

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop or Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

Question 4

glomerulus

Answer 4

ball of capillaries that produce the filtrate. lets large amounts of solute rich fluid to pass from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

Question 5

glomerular capsule

Answer 5

surrounds the glomerulus, cup shaped end of renal tubule. receives glomerular filtrate.

Question 5

loop of henle

Answer 5

connected to the PCT and DCT. concentrate and dilute filtrate in accordance to the body.

Question 6

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 6

connected to renal corpuscle, first part of renal tubule. where MOST filtrate is reabsorbed into blood stream. 99% of water, glucose, amino acids and salts are reabsorbed. microvilli cells increase surface area reabsoroption

Question 7

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 7

after Henle before collecting duct.
involved in fine tuning of of electrolyte reabsorption. hormone regulated ADH, aldosterone, ANP, PTH

Question 8

collecting duct

Answer 8

involved in fine tuning of electrolye reabsorption. ADH targeting, aldosterone, ANP and PTH= hormone regulated

Question 8

what forms the renal corpuscle

Answer 8

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 9

nephrons are divided as:

Answer 9

cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 10

cortical nephrons

Answer 10

• found in cortex of kidneys
• perform regulatory functions of kidneys
• 85% of nephrons

Question 11

juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 11

• found in Cortex and medulla
• have long loops of Henle = important role in kidney ability to produce concentrated urine
• think walls for diffusion and concentration

Question 12

vasa recta

Answer 12

juxtamedullar nephrons formed in long bundles of straight vessels located on the loop of henle

Question 13

nephron capillary beds

Answer 13

the renal tubule of every nephron is closely associated with glomerular capillary and peritubular beds.

Question 14

glomerular capillaries

Answer 14

PRODUCE THE FILTRATE.
- fed and drained by afferent and efferent arterioles.
- high blood pressure in the glomerulus - arterioles high resistance.
- afferent large diameter, efferent smaller diameter
- high blood pressure forces solutes and fluids out of blood into glomerular capsule
- glomerular capillaries exit the glomerular capsule via afferent arteriole and then wind themselves around the peritubular cappilaries.

Question 15

peritubular capillaries

Answer 15

RECLAIM THE FILTRATE.
- arise from efferent arterioles which drain the glomeruli
-capillaries cling closely to adjacent renal tubules
- low pressure and porous capillaries HIGHLY ADAPTED FOR ADSORPTION

Question 16

sequence of filtrate flow before reaching the bladder

Answer 16

glomerular capsular space, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct, renal pelvis ureter