Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

food animal > the neonate > Flashcards

the neonate Flashcards

1
Q

how long is stage 1 labour for ewe

A

2-12 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how long is stage 1 labor for doe

A

2-12hrs

same as ewe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how long is stage 1 of labor for cow last

A

2-6hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

decribe stage 1 of gestation

A

Separate from the group
• Restless
• NesMng
• vocalization

Fetus toward exit

uterine tissue pushed back

cervix dilating

fergusson reflex

fetus rotates in2 sternal recumbency with hea ,neck and the forelimbs extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe stage 2 of labour

A
  • starts with the rupture of the allantochorion
  • hard labor-straining
  • progress important
  • presentation of the fetus helps
  • lateral recumbency
  • end with delivery of neonate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how long does stage 2 last for ewe and dow

A

1-2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long is stage 2 for labor in cow

A

1-2 hrs

shorter in older cows

recognise that its also 1-2 hrs in goats n sheeps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long is stage 3 in goats and sheep

A

< 6 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

long is stage 3 of labor in cow

A

<8 hrs

retained if its more than 12 hrs in ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

t happens in stage 3 of labor

A
  • cotyledons detarch
  • uterine contractions expel plasma in its entirety
  • involution 28 days in sr
  • involution 40-60 days in cow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when does involution occur in sr and in cow

A

sr= 28 days

cow=40-60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

for how long does locjia last in sr and in cow

A

sr= 3 wks

cows=12-15 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ould the calf have a suckle reflex

A

5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when should the calf be in sternal reflex

A

5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

after how long should the calf attempt to stand

A

15 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ng should a calf be standing

A

1 hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

by what time should a calf be nursing

A

<2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

before long should the calf had colostrum

A

4 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when assessing a new calf,what should be its rr,hr and temp

A

temp=101.5-103

hr=100-150

rr=50-70

mm should be pink with normal crt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WHich component of the colostrum is destryed when it is frozen

A

leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which component of the colostrum is depreses wbc fxn

A

cortisol due to stress at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

expalin the effect of cold stress on fxn of colostrum

A
  • Depresses neutrophil chemotaxis
  • VasoconstricMon decreases delivery to

periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which mineral n vit def depress phagocyte fxn

A

zn,

cu

se

vit e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

immunoglobin conc. in colostrum and how long it lasts

A

20-110g/l of igG

declines after 9 hrs

not dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ways to measure colostrum immunoglobulin

A
  • visual/colostrometer
  • cow side immunoassay kits
  • brix refractometer (22% is 50g/l)
    • anything less is bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

discuss some feeding protocols for colostrum

A
  • 50 kg calf *7.5/100= 3.75L
  • 150g of igG colostrum in first 4 hrs
  • second feed at 12 hrs old
    • 5- 7.5%body wt
  • more than 2l but less than 4 l in the 1st 4 hrs before 4 hrs
    • if u feed more than 4l u slow gastric motility
  • feed more frequently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ways and mechanisms of feeding colostrum

A
  • esophageal groove closure
    • u dnt want colostrum to go in2 rumen
  • teat is the best way to feed colostrum
    • u canaslo use nipple/bottle feeder
  • salivation improves gastric motility n trigger esophageal groove to close
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

test to do to test if colostrum has been taken/enough/adequate

A
  1. zink sulphate turbidity test
  2. radioimmune assay
    1. it takes a long time. just good to ensure that the calf indeed took colostrum in retrospective way
  3. TP on refractometer
    1. very useful in ruminants bt nt foals
    2. if u hav a sick neonate, u may have less protein because it is utilizing it from colostrum.
      1. it is quick and easy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

TP CONC. FOR HEALTHY AND ILL NEONATES

A
  • ILL=TP>5.5g/dl
  • HEALTHY=TP>5.2G/DL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

DESIRABLE TP IN GOATS

A

1600MG/DL AND 5.3G/L TP IN GOAT KIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

AMOUNT OF TP THAT SHOWS FAILURE OF COLOSTRUM INTAKE IN GOATS

A

<600MG/DL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

HOW DOES MEANSURE OF GGT HELPS IN MEASURING COLOSTRUM INTAKE

A

GGT COMES FROM THE LIVER IN THE BILE DUCTS.

GGT IS IN EVERY DUCT IN THE BODY EG TEAR DUCT, MAMMARY GLANDS

IF ITS HIGH THEN U KNOW THE CALF HAS DRUNK MILK FROM THE MOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

COMMON CONSEQUENCES OF DZ IN NEONATAL RUMINANTS

A

SepTIcEemia till proven otherwise
• Pneumonia
• Diarrhea
• Joints
!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

common causes of mortality in the first week of lyf

A
  • fetal infection ate gestation
  • still birth
  • congenital
  • trauma
  • weak calves due to low vit e and se
  • hypothemia n hypoglycemia
  • sepsis
  • scours
  • naval related infections
  • pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what bsc is this

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

bsc for this goat

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

bsc?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

bsc?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

bsc?

A
40
Q

bsc

A

1

41
Q

bsc?

A

2

42
Q

bsc

A

3

43
Q

bsc

A

4

44
Q

age this animal

A

lamb

45
Q

age this animal

A

1 yr

46
Q

age this animal

A

2 yrs

47
Q

age ths animal

A

3 yrs

48
Q

age this animal

A

4 yrs

49
Q

things that depress magnessium absoption in spring

A

high k and nitrogen in forage

stress

fat mobilization

50
Q

things that depress magnessium absoption in winter

A

poor pasture low in magnesium

51
Q

when do we see hypomagnesium-grss tetany

A

2-4 wks after lambing(twins)

52
Q

cs of hypomagnesium

A

excitable, paddling and convulsions with clonic tonic mm. spasms

tachypnea

may sulvate profusely

53
Q

mild cs of hypocalcemi

A
  • stiff gait,
  • tetany
  • tremors decreased rumen motility
  • ataxia
    • plr and corneal reflex wnl
54
Q

moderate cs of hypocalcemia

A
  • Tachycardia,
  • tachypnea,
  • regurgitation,
  • bloat,
  • depression,
  • depressed corneal and pupillary light relexes
55
Q

severe cs of hypocalcemia

A

Opisthotonos and no corneal or pupillary light reflex

56
Q

factors that complicate hypoca

A
  • Especially compounded with stress and disease
  • Sheep succumb to hypocalcaemia 6 – 10 weeks after parturition
  • Complicated by hypophosphatemia and hyper- or hypo-magnesemia
57
Q

when do sheeps compound to hypoca

A

Sheep succumb to hypocalcaemia 6 – 10 weeks after parturition

58
Q

when do hypoca occur in goats

A
  • A problem in dairy goats
  • Can also be in meat goats and ewes
  • Just after parturition and sometimes just before
  • Greatest calcium demand 3 – 4 weeks before partus with >1 fetus
59
Q

when do you see peak lactation in goats

A

Peak lactation at 2 – 3 weeks post parturition

60
Q

when do u get to see decline in goat milk

A

Drops off by 8 – 10 weeks after parturition
–Dairy goats maintain production
–At peak production feed consumption is the limiting factor (impossible to consume enough energy)

61
Q

goat presents with listlessness and distinct acetone smell to breath

what should u be worried for

A

preg. toxemia

Characterized by a progressive ketonemia secondary to accelerated fat catabolism

62
Q

Hypocalcemia – pathophysiology

A
  1. High intake of calcium/phosphorus and other cations
  2. Decreased production of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D
  3. Depressed absorption and mobilization of calcium from GIT and bones
63
Q

dx for hypomagnesia

A

Serum magnesium < 1.5mg/dL may indicate disease
–Serum magnesium <1mg/dL is diagnostic
–Can take magnesium levels in CSF, urine, eye post-mortem

64
Q

Hypomagnesemia – Treatment

A

IV calcium borogluconate (20 – 25%) and magnesium (4 -5%) ~ 50ml
–Oral cal-mag gel or subcutaneous cal-mag to prevent relapse

65
Q

Urolithiasis - Predisposing factors

A
  • High concentrate - low roughage diet
  • Low calcium to phosphorus ratio
  • High magnesium diets
  • Alkaline urine
  • Consumption of oxalate containing plants
  • Decreased formation of saliva
  • Dehydration / decreased water consumption
66
Q

WHAT SO SPECIAL ABOUT GOAT MILK

A
  • Naturally homogenized
    • Milk fat globulins of goats are very small
    • Milk fat globulins lack agglutinin (causes fat/cream to rise to the top)
  • Lower alpha-S1 Casein
    • More easily digested by humans
  • Not truly hypoallergenic
  • More protein and milk solids = more cheese produced per litre of milk
67
Q

What other factors influence the CMT results in goats?

A
  • HOW CONC. THE MILK IS
  • IF U HAVE colostrum, U GONNA HAVE MORE SOMATIC CELLS
  • IF U HAVE A EHYDRATED ANIMAL, IT IS GONNA BE CREATING A MORE CONC. MILK
68
Q

After which value is the CMT suggestive of disease in goats?

A

higher than cow

69
Q

HOW DOES CMT WORKS

A

CHECKS OUT WHAT THE SCC IS

70
Q

list the things that causes increase in scc

A
  • Apocrine milk secretion leads to increased SCC
  • OPP and CAE can also lead to increased SCC
  • Goats milk content:
    • Neutrophils are the major cell type
    • Legal limit of bulk tank SCC (BTSCC) = 1million c/ml

–Most herds over limit

71
Q

which cell type is the main 1 in sheep scc

A
  • Macrophages are the major cell type

–Legal limit BTSCC > 750000c/ml (similar to cows)
–SCC lowest in second month of lactation, concurrent with peak lactation

72
Q

most common cause of mastitis

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus

–Primarily subclinical

  • Mycoplasma

–Contagious agalactia
–Arthritis
–Conjunctivitis
–Pneumonia
–** treatment ?? Cure or carrier??
–**test before entry to herd

73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q
A
81
Q
A
82
Q
A
83
Q
A
84
Q
A
85
Q
A
86
Q
A
87
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q
A
90
Q
A
91
Q
A
92
Q
A
93
Q
A
94
Q
A
95
Q
A

food animal (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions