The Nazi rise to power and the end of the Weimar Republic Flashcards
Who founded the German Works Part (DAP) and when?
- 1919
- Anton Drexler
- Munich, Bavaria
When did Hitler join the DAP?
- September 1919
- Drexler was impressed after he attended a meeting
How many members did the DAP have by the end of 1919?
50
What was Hitler’s early position within the DAP?
- Responsible for recruitment and propaganda
- Good public speaker
When was the 25 point programme created and what was it?
- February 1920
- Political manifest
What was added to the DAP to make it the NSDAP?
Nationalist Socialist
What was the NSDAP newspaper called and when did it begin publishing?
- The Volkisher Beobachter (‘People’s Observer’)
- 1920
When did Hitler become leader of the NSDAP?
July 1921
What was the Fuhrerprinzip?
- Hitler adopted title of Fuhrer ‘leader’, absolute power and authority
- Leadership principle
- Became the cornerstone of the party organisation
What symbols did Hitler adopt for the NSDAP?
- Swastika
- One armed salute
When did Hitler create a protection squad and what did this develop into?
- 1921
- Developed into the Sturmabteilung, SA (stormtroopers)
Who led the SA?
Ernst Rohm
What did Nazi membership grow to 1920-1923?
Grew from 1100 in 1920 to 55,000 in 1923
When was the Munich Putsch?
November 1923
What inspired the Munich Putsch?
Benito Mussolini’s seizure of power in Italy in 1922
Who led the Bavarian government?
Von Kahr, army chief von Lossow and police chief von Seisser
When did the Nazis seize the Burgerbraukeller and what happened?
- 8th Nov 1923
- Hitler and 600 Nazis seized the building
- The Bavarian government was meeting
- Hitler convinced the three leaders to support his planned takeover
What happened on the 9th November 1923 that affected the Munich Putsch?
- Von Seisser and von Lossow changed their minds, and organised troops to resist Hitler’s planned march through Munich
What was the result of the Munich Putsch?
- Hitler proceeds with the march however he is easily overpowered by the well-armed police force
- Sixteen Nazis and four policemen were killed
- Hitler disappeared but is arrested two days later, the same day that the Nazi Party was banned
What was Hitler charged of for the Munich Putsch and who with?
- Treason
- General Ludendorff
When did Hitler’s trial begin and how long did it last?
February 1924, it lasted one month.
What did Hitler use his trial for?
A public platform to announce his political beliefs to a national audience
When was Hitler found guilty and what was his sentence?
- 1st April 1924 Hitler found guilty of treason
- Judges treated him leniently and gave him minimum sentence of 5 years
How long did Hitler serve his sentence and where?
- Nine months
- Landsberg prison
What did Hitler complete during his time in prison?
- His autobiography Mein Kampf (‘My Struggle’), containing his political views
What were key ideas of Mein Kampf?
- Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles
- The elimination of Jews from Germany
- Created the idea of Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community). The strongest races dominate the weakest
- Hitler’s desire for Lebensraum (living space) to create a greater Germany where all German speaking people would be incorporated into the nation
When was the Nazi party relaunched?
February 1924
What happened during the Bamberg conference and when was it?
- Hitler appoints Gregor Strasser as Propaganda Leader
- 1926
What was Josef Goebbels position in 1926?
Gauleiter (local party leader), of Berlin
What does Hitler force Rohm to do 1926?
Resign as SA leader
What was Hitler’s bodyguard unit called?
The Schutzstaffel, which became known as the SS
What was Hitler’s youth group called>
The HitlerJugend (Hitler Youth)
How was the 25 Point Programme amended in 1928?
To say that privately owned land would be confiscated if owned by a Jew
What did Nazi party numbers grow to 1925-1928?
- 27,000 members in 1925
- Over 100,000 by the end of 1928
How many seats in Parliament did the Nazi party win in 1928?
- 12 seats despite having held 32 in 1924
Who replaces Strasser as propaganda leader?
Goebbels
What was the effect of the 1929 Wall Street Crash?
- Creates an economic disaster and unemployment began to rise again in Germany
- People therefore looked toward more radical political parties such as the Nazi party
What did the USA do affecting Germany after the Wall Street Crash?
Withdrew loans from the Dawes Plan
What happened to trade during the Great Depression?
International trade began to contract and the German exports fell rapidly in the years after 1929
What was the unemployment figure in early 1932?
Exceeded 6 million
What extreme party other than the Nazi party grew rapidly during the Great Depression?
The German Communist Party (KPD)
Who replaced Muller as chancellor in March 1930?
- Henrich Bruning of the Centre Party
- Bruning did not have majority and had to rely on president Hindenburg using Article 48
What was the Nazi Party’s position following the September 1930 general election?
Nazis became the second biggest party in Germany
How many newspapers did the Nazis own in the early 1930s and how did this benefit the party?
- 120
- Goebbles was able to promote the ideals and image of the party in local, regional and presidential elections
How many seats did the Nazi Party have following the 1930 election?
They gained 107 seats, 95 more than the previous election
What happened during the 1932 presidential elections?
- Hitler defeated by Hindenburg
- The Nazis won 230 seats and had become the largest party in the Reichstag
What did Von Papen do in 1932?
- Dissolved Reichstag
- Did not relinquish his post and begun scheming with President Hindenburg
How many seats do the Nazi Party have following the November 1932 election?
Nazis share of the vote drops to 196 seats in November election, however they are still the largest party
Who replaces von Papen as chancellor?
Von Schleicher
What government does von Papen convince Hindenberg would save Germany?
A coalition government with Hitler as chancellor would save Germany
When does Hitler become chancellor?
30th January 1933
