The Nature Of Molecules & The Properties Of Water Review And Quiz Questions.

Question 1

__________ are an important component of antibody recognition, where a substantial amount of atoms are in close proximity between the antibody and the antigen.

Answer 1

Van der Waals Attraction.

Question 2

The common basilisk lizard will run across water on its hind legs in an erect position when startled by predators. This lizard has large feet and flaps of skin along its toes. What properties of water allow this lizard to walk on water?

Answer 2

The surface tension created by hydrogen bonds is greater than the weight of the lizard initially.

Question 3

Magnesium Chloride (MgCI2) is a salt formed with ionic bonds between one magnesium ion and two chloride ions. Magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and chlorine has seven electrons in its outer shell. How are the electrons transferred between these atoms?

Answer 3

Magnesium is oxidized (reduce) and chlorine is reduced (gain).

Question 4

Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

Answer 4

Neutron.

Question 5

The subatomic particle with a positive charge is _________.

Answer 5

A Proton.

Question 6

Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water’s upward movement in plants. The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise. Capillary action is a result of water molecules _________.

Answer 6

Having an adhesive force, which allows them to attach to the vessel walls.

Question 7

An effective way to increase the rate of the reaction A+B -> would be to _________.

Answer 7

Add more A or B.

Question 8

Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the water molecule is __________.

Answer 8

Polar.

Question 9

Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic mass, the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of eight elements. This led to the generalization now known as __________.

Answer 9

The Octet Rule.

Question 10

The pH of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the pH of your large intestine can be 5.5. As substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to the H+ ion concentration?

Answer 10

It increases by 100-fold.

Question 11

Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8. How many neutrons are present?

Answer 11

8.

Question 12

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of ________.

Answer 12

Protons Only.

Question 13

An atom has 20 electrons and 20 neutrons. What is the mass of this atom?

Answer 13

40.

Question 14

Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges. These opposite charges allow water molecules to attract each other through ___________.

Answer 14

Hydrogen Bonds.

Question 15

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as ___________.

Answer 15

Covalent.

Question 16

When atoms gain or lose electrons, they can become negatively or positively charged. These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as _________.

Answer 16

Ions.

Question 17

CI + e- -> CI- is an example of a _________ reaction.

Answer 17

Reduction.

Question 18

Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called __________.

Answer 18

Electrons.

Question 19

Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14 are examples of __________.

Answer 19

Isotopes.

Question 20

Atomic nuclei contain protons and _________.

Answer 20

Neutrons.

Question 21

Bicarbonate ions in the blood can absorb hydrogen ions, keeping the pH balanced. Therefore, bicarbonate is acting as a _________ in the blood.

Answer 21

Buffer.

Question 22

Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called _________.

Answer 22

Elements.

Question 23

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its ___________.

Answer 23

Atomic Number.

Question 24

All atoms possess the ability to do work. The term that is defined as the ability to do work is _________.

Answer 24

Energy.

Question 25

Matter is composed of __________.

Answer 25

Atoms.

Question 26

The atomic number of a given atom is ___________.

Answer 26

Equal to its proton number.

Question 27

Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges. These opposite charges allow water molecules to attract each other through ________.

Answer 27

Hydrogen Bonds.

Question 28

The octet rule predicts _________.

Answer 28

That all atoms tend to fill their outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons.

Question 29

The common basilisk lizard can run across water on its hind legs when startled by predators. This is due to the surface tension created by hydrogen bonds between water molecules that are greater than the weight of the lizard as it runs across them.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

The pH of pure water is approximately 7 and the pH of seawater is approximately 8. When comparing the two water types, the H+ concentration of the seawater ____________.

Answer 30

Decreases 10 Fold.

Question 31

Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 31

Protons & Neutrons.

Question 32

Hydrogen-2, Hydrogen-3, and Hydrogen-4 are all examples of ___________.

Answer 32

Isotopes of the element Hydrogen.

Question 33

Calcium Bromide (CaBr2) is a hydrated salt formed with ionic bonds between one calcium ion and 2 bromide ions. Calcium has 2 valence electrons in its outer shell and bromide has seven electrons in its outer shells. In this reaction, calcium is __________ and the bromide is ________.

Answer 33

Oxidized; Reduced.

Question 34

Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35 and an atomic number of 17. How many neutrons are present in an atom of oxygen?

Answer 34

18.

Question 35

An atom has 12 electrons and 13 neutrons. Its mass is __________.

Answer 35

25.

Question 36

Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, water molecules are ionic.

Answer 36

False.

Question 37

__________ is one of the forces that aids water’s upward movement in plants. The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise, resulting in water molecules having an adhesive force, allowing them to attach to the vessel walls.

Answer 37

Capillary Action.

Question 38

When 2 atoms _______ a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as covalent bonding.

Answer 38

Share.

Question 39

Below are descriptions of subatomic particles. Choose the ones that best describe an electron.

Answer 39

Outside the nucleus, negatively charged & have almost no mass.

Question 40

When atoms become ions, they __________.

Answer 40

Become positively or negatively charged & Gain or lose electrons.

Question 41

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), absorbs hydrogen ions from the blood, helping to prevent acidosis. In the blood, carbonic acid is considered ___________.

Answer 41

A Buffer.

Question 42

An effective way to increase the rate of the reaction A+B –> C would be to ______________.

Answer 42

Add more A and/or B & Increase the temperature of the reaction.

Question 43

Matter is composed of __________.

Answer 43

Atoms.

Question 44

Br + e –> Br- is an example of an oxidation reaction.

Answer 44

False.

Question 45

Van der Waals attractions are na important component of antibody recognition, where a substanstial amount of atoms are in close proximity between the antibody and the antigen.

Answer 45

True.