The Chemical Building Blocks Of Life Review Questions. Flashcards
Phospholipids are made up of _______________.
A phosphate, 2 fatty acids & a glycerol.
The information storage molecules of cells are called ___________.
Nucleic Acids.
The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a/an ______________.
Lipid.
Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called ____________.
Monosaccharides.
Proteins digested by trypsin in the stomach are broken down to amino acids in ____________.
Hydrolysis Reactions.
Identify the correct monomer: polymer pairings. Check all that apply.
Monosaccharides: Carbohydrates.
Nucleotides: DNA.
Fatty Acids, Glycerol: Triglyceride.
Amino Acids: Protein.
Match the following molecules with their function.
- DNA:
- mRNA:
- ATP:
- NAD+ & FAD:
DNA: Contain genes that can be transcribed.
mRNA: Translated into proteins.
ATP: Provide energy for cell activities.
NAD+ & FAD: Transport Electrons.
Carbohydrates are used in cells for structural purposes and as an energy source. What is the main type of carbohydrate contained in each of the following? Match each of the options above to the items below.
Starch - Potato storing energy in a tuber.
Fructose - Apple tree storing energy in fruit.
Glycogen - Human storing energy in muscle cells.
Glucose - Human blood sugar.
The function of chaperone proteins is to ___________.
Help proteins fold to their correct conformation.
Which type of RNA is used as a template for translation of proteins?
Messenger RNA.
A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer. It first eats the liver, which is rich in blood sugars. In what form would sugar be stored in the deer’s liver?
Glycogen.
You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “five-prime end” and the “three-prime end” of the macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a ______________.
DNA.
You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “amino end” and the “carboxyl end” of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a _____________.
Protein.
The type of bonds liking nucleotides in nucleic acids are _____________.
Phosphodiester Bonds.
Enzymes function to ____________.
Catalyze chemical reactions.
Carbohydrates are composed of _____________.
Monosaccharides.
Proteins are created with _____________.
Peptide Bonds.
Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms, just like glucose. A friend of yours says: “Since those sugars have the same number of atoms, they should have the same name.” Which of the following choices would be the correct way to answer?
“While they do have the same number and type of atoms, they are named differently because they are isomers of the monosaccharide, glucose.”
The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is ______________.
Uracil.
The nitrogenous base that is only found in DNA is and not in RNA is ______________.
Thymine.
The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ____________.
Primary Structure.
Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a/an _______________.
Triglyceride.
The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called _____________.
Glucose.
Proteins and polymers formed of structural units called _____________.
Amino Acids.
