The Chemical Building Blocks Of Life Review Questions.

Question 1

Phospholipids are made up of _______________.

Answer 1

A phosphate, 2 fatty acids & a glycerol.

Question 2

The information storage molecules of cells are called ___________.

Answer 2

Nucleic Acids.

Question 3

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a/an ______________.

Answer 3

Lipid.

Question 4

Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called ____________.

Answer 4

Monosaccharides.

Question 5

Proteins digested by trypsin in the stomach are broken down to amino acids in ____________.

Answer 5

Hydrolysis Reactions.

Question 6

Identify the correct monomer: polymer pairings. Check all that apply.

Answer 6

Monosaccharides: Carbohydrates.

Nucleotides: DNA.

Fatty Acids, Glycerol: Triglyceride.

Amino Acids: Protein.

Question 7

Match the following molecules with their function.

1. DNA:
2. mRNA:
3. ATP:
4. NAD+ & FAD:

Answer 7

DNA: Contain genes that can be transcribed.

mRNA: Translated into proteins.

ATP: Provide energy for cell activities.

NAD+ & FAD: Transport Electrons.

Question 8

Carbohydrates are used in cells for structural purposes and as an energy source. What is the main type of carbohydrate contained in each of the following? Match each of the options above to the items below.

Answer 8

Starch - Potato storing energy in a tuber.

Fructose - Apple tree storing energy in fruit.

Glycogen - Human storing energy in muscle cells.

Glucose - Human blood sugar.

Question 9

The function of chaperone proteins is to ___________.

Answer 9

Help proteins fold to their correct conformation.

Question 10

Which type of RNA is used as a template for translation of proteins?

Answer 10

Messenger RNA.

Question 11

A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer. It first eats the liver, which is rich in blood sugars. In what form would sugar be stored in the deer’s liver?

Answer 11

Glycogen.

Question 12

You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “five-prime end” and the “three-prime end” of the macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a ______________.

Answer 12

DNA.

Question 13

You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “amino end” and the “carboxyl end” of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a _____________.

Answer 13

Protein.

Question 14

The type of bonds liking nucleotides in nucleic acids are _____________.

Answer 14

Phosphodiester Bonds.

Question 15

Enzymes function to ____________.

Answer 15

Catalyze chemical reactions.

Question 16

Carbohydrates are composed of _____________.

Answer 16

Monosaccharides.

Question 17

Proteins are created with _____________.

Answer 17

Peptide Bonds.

Question 18

Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms, just like glucose. A friend of yours says: “Since those sugars have the same number of atoms, they should have the same name.” Which of the following choices would be the correct way to answer?

Answer 18

“While they do have the same number and type of atoms, they are named differently because they are isomers of the monosaccharide, glucose.”

Question 19

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is ______________.

Answer 19

Uracil.

Question 20

The nitrogenous base that is only found in DNA is and not in RNA is ______________.

Answer 20

Thymine.

Question 21

The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ____________.

Answer 21

Primary Structure.

Question 22

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a/an _______________.

Answer 22

Triglyceride.

Question 23

The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called _____________.

Answer 23

Glucose.

Question 24

Proteins and polymers formed of structural units called _____________.

Answer 24

Amino Acids.

Question 25

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as _____________.

Answer 25

Nucleotides.

Question 26

Macromolecules that are used by most organisms to store heredity information are called _____________.

Answer 26

DNA Molecules.

Question 27

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called ______________.

Answer 27

Amino Acids.

Question 28

The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as _______________.

Answer 28

A dehydration reaction.

Question 29

A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine (T) would contain how much cytosine (C)?

Answer 29

A - 32% & T - 32%, Add together 32+32=64. 100-64=36/2=18% (C - 18% & G - 18%.

Question 30

These biological compounds are nonpolar and insoluble in water ____________.

Answer 30

Lipids.