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Yr 9 PTE > The Nature of God > Flashcards

The Nature of God Flashcards

1
Q

What have historical depictions of God been like?

A
  • historically depictions of God have been male - from patriarchal society, father not mother, Son, He, God?, Lord, King
  • Hinduism has many avatars of one God (Brahman)
  • most God’s are anthropomorphic
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2
Q

Major Religions believe God is Maximally Perfect:

A
  • omnipotent: all powerful
  • omniscient: all knowing
  • omnibenevolent: all-loving
  • omnipresent: everywhere
    • transcendent: be beyond space and time
    • immanent: here with us in the world
  • eternal: has and will always exist
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3
Q

Abrahamic Religions:

A

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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4
Q

Avatar:

A

The word from Sanskrit to describe the way that Brahman (God) appears in different forms.

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5
Q

Anthropomorphic:

A

holds human characteristics

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6
Q

Al-Fatihah (”The Opening”)

A

the first Surah of the Qur’an where God’s nature is conveyed

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7
Q

Shaddah:

A

The Muslim declaration of faith in God

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8
Q

The Attributes of Allah:

A
  • is the one true God - all worship and praise is directed towards him
  • should be treated with respect as he is the supreme being
  • is the creator, designer and sustainer of the world
  • Omnipresent
  • Transcendent– Allah is above and beyond anything that exists in the world.
  • Fair and just- Allah judges everyone equally.
  • Immanent- Allah is close to every human and within all things on Earth.
  • Omnipotent- Allah is all-powerful.
  • Omnibenevolent - Allah is all-loving.
  • Merciful- Allah shows compassion andmercy, and he forgives people.
  • Muslims believe that Allah is just and created the world in a fair way (Adalat). They also believe that he always behaves in a merciful way.
  • What does Allah translate as?
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9
Q

What does Allah translate as?

A

‘The God’

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10
Q

What is the Qur’an believed to be?

A

believed to be the ultimate and true word of God and hasn’t been through any influence whereas the New Testament and Old Testament were written by humans and Allah doesn’t have a son or multiple persons

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11
Q

Tawhid:

A

Arabic for the oneness of Allah

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12
Q

How does Tawhid help Muslims:

A
  • It means believing in Allah, believing that he is the one and only God. It helps Muslims to think of Allah as the centre point of life.
  • Confirming that Allah is the only God is the first part of theShahadah.
  • important part of Muslim faith because it helps in focus, attention, having a deep connection with Allah, and so that you know who to listen to and pray to
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13
Q

How does belief in Tawhid affect a Muslim’s life?

A
  • If there is one God greater than anything we could ever imagine.
  • There is one Universe created by Allah, ordered by Allah, which despite its massive scale is still much less than Allah.
  • One will that rules the Universe and only one will. If there was more than one God, each with an independent will, there would be chaos.
  • One Earth created by Allah. There is a purpose to Allah’s creation and a purpose for the human race here on Earth.
  • One humanity whose members are all equal before Allah, with no barriers of gender, race or religion to divide from one another. There is not ‘my God’ and ‘your God’; there is one God; our God.
  • One basic aim for humanity to worship one God and resist the worship of false God’s.
  • One message to humanity. All prophets who bring the message of one God are brothers.
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14
Q

How is the idea of Tawhid an important feature of Islam as a religion of ‘surrender’, ‘submission’, and ‘obedience’?

A
  • misfortunes can only happen with God’s permission - showing one God is in control or has power over everything
  • “You who believe, obey God and the Messenger.”
  • Muslims obey Allah on “a straight path”
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15
Q

Explain ways belief in Tawhid influences Muslims today:

A
  • must show their belief in one God in the way they live - only worship Allah 5 times a day
  • shouldn’t worship Muhammed (respected prophet) or other prophets - that would be idolatry which is forbidden
  • Muslims must never make anything in their lives more important than God [e.g] family, money, jobs etc.
  • believing in the supremacy of God’s will means that Muslims have to try to accept that the bad things that happen to them are ‘meant to be’
    • God’s plans are mysterious and cannot be fully known by humans
  • the word ‘Muslim’ means ‘one who has submitted to God’ - so a Muslim tries to accept God’s will and to live accordingly to God’s will every day
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16
Q

Sin of shirk:

A
  • blasphemy

- worst sin a Muslim can commit - worshipping an idol

17
Q

How are the insides of mosques decorated if Allah can’t be portrayed?

A

there are beautifully decorated verses of the Qur’an instead

18
Q

Incarnation:

A
  • The Christian belief that God ‘became flesh’.
19
Q

Euthypro:

A

The dilemma that puzzles whether something is good because God wills or if God only will what is good.

20
Q

Goodness:

A
  • Some believe that God is the source of this.

- Influenced by Plato.

21
Q

Attributes of God:

A
  • Omnipotence- God is all-powerful. The evidence for this includes the creation of the world and the resurrection of Jesus.
  • Omnibenevolence- God is all-loving. Christians believe that this is expressed in many different ways. God sacrificed his own son for humanity, which shows how much he loves all human beings without exception.
  • Just- God is fair to all and he forgives those who say sorry for their actions. —-The Psalms say,(Psalm 25:8).God is fair and just
  • Omniscience- God knows everything. Christians believe that God knows every person’s inner thoughts as well as knowing all that has happened and all that will happen in the future.
  • Transcendence- God exists outside of our worldly constraints and physical laws. For example God does not live and die as we do - he is eternal. Complete understanding of God is beyond the human intellect.
  • Immanence- The belief that God is ‘in the world’. God has interacted with the world throughout history and continues to do so. For example, Jesus being sent to earth. Nowadays, people believe that God is immanent, working miracles and answering people’s prayers.
22
Q

Monotheism and the Trinity

A
  • Christians are monotheists
  • However, they also believe God is in three forms at the same time
  • these are correctly spoken as ‘three persons of the Trinity’
  • some people compare Trinity to roles we have
23
Q

Where is Trinity mentioned?

A
  • The Trinity is first mentioned in Genesis as part of the creation story, where all three persons of the Trinity; Father, Son and Holy Spirit are present.
  • Today it is mentioned during many Christian ceremonies and is a central belief of Christianity.
24
Q

What is Trinity made up of?

A
  • God the Father
  • God the Son
  • God the Holy Spirit
25
Q

God the Father

A
  • the creator of Earth
  • a good father to his children
    • can be seen as outdated as there is evil and suffering and this can be seen as punishment - however can also be argued that a good father has to punish their kids when necessary
  • the sustainer of all
  • omnipotent
  • omnibenevolent
  • omniscient
  • omnipresent
  • transcendent
26
Q

God the Son

A
  • God the Son refers to Jesus Christ, the son of God
  • for Catholics, this is Jesus as God in human form, who was sent to save humanity
  • Jesus Christ is the incarnation of God on Earth
  • he was sacrificed for the sins of humankind, which allows them to be reunited with God after death - helped in belief of life after death
  • both fullydivineand fully human
  • immanent
  • personal and so understands human suffering
  • a model for Christian behaviour
  • the Saviour
27
Q

God the Holy Spirit

A
  • the Holy Spirit is the guiding part of the Trinity
  • helper and guider
  • part of God that works within the world, as stated in the Gospel of John:I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you for ever - the Spirit of truth
    (John 14:16-17)
  • invisible power of God which breathes new life into people
  • the immanent part of God guiding the Church
  • a source of strength, courage and wisdom
28
Q

Supporting Evidence for the Idea of Trinity:

A
  • The story of Jesus’ baptism (Matthew 3:13-70. - An example of a time when all three persons of the Trinity were present.
  • “Our father in heaven: (First line of the Lord’s prayer) - Jesus speaking to God as father.
  • “Today in the town of David a saviour has been born to you; he is Christ the Lord.” (Luke 2:11) - Jesus is understood to play the important role of becoming incarnate in order to save people from the final judgement of their sins.
  • “The Father is God, the Son is God: and the Holy Spirit is God…yet not three Lords: but one Lord” (Creed of St. Athanasius) - Christians believe in three persons within one God. They are monotheists.
  • “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control” (Galatians 5:22-3) - God the Holy Spirit produces a good character in people so that they can live well as God intended.
  • “The Earth was without form and void; darkness was open the face of the deep. And the spirit (Ruach) of God moved upon the face of the waters.” (Genesis 1:2) - Many Christians believe that the Holy Spirit was present at the creation of the world, as well as the Father.
  • “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.” (John 1:1-3) (’The Word’ has a name that John gave to Jesus). - Many Christians believe that God the Son was present at the creation of the world, as well as the Father.
  • “In blasphemy indeed are those who say that Allah is Christ the son of Mary.” (Surah 5) - Muslims do not believe in Trinity. They hold to the idea of Tawhid.
  • “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.” (Genesis 1:27). - God is not male. Both male and female human beings show something of God’s nature. God is way bigger than gender, just as he is bigger than age or race.
29
Q

Jesus’s Birth

A
  • some Christians believed that Jesus’s mother Mary was a virgin when she gave birth and that he was fathered by the Holy Spirit (God) - impregnated immaculately
  • According to the Bible, theVirgin Mary was visited by theAngel Gabriel who told her that she was to have a son and that he would be named Jesus. He would be adivine baby.
  • Thegospels teach that Jesus had a human birth, the story of which is referred to as the nativity. Many Christians celebrate at Christmas to remember that God the Son was born in the person of Jesus:
30
Q

The Incarnation

A
  • When Jesus was born, God became present on earth as a human and as the second part of theTrinity- the Son.
    • This is referred to as theincarnation of Jesus, as it was when God took on human form, becoming fully God and fully human at the same time.
    • Jesus is referred to asChrist orMessiah and he showed Christians how they should live.
  • Jesus grew up in a Jewish family and community in Nazareth. He was acarpenterlike his human step-father, Joseph.
  • At the age of 30, Jesus wasbaptisedbyJohn the Baptistand began teaching and performing miracles, such as healing a blind man. This is known as his ministry. He also recruited his disciples and together they taught God’s message to many people.
  • all Christians believe that he was a miracle worker who healed the sick and those who suffered
  • claimed he had power to forgive sins or cast out horrors
  • not doubted that the central message of Jesus was that people should love and be kind to one another - he saw this as the singled most important thing along with the need to love God
    • he said that to “Love God and love your neighbours as yourself” was the greatest commandment
  • most atheists accept that there was a man named Jesus because of many different historical sources saying he existed and he was called Jesus bar (son of) Joseph, who lived in Palestine, in the first 30yrs of 1st C AD
31
Q

Crucifixion

A
  • Crucified by Romans approx 33AD

- crucified on the cross next to 2 thieves with sign “This is the King of the Jews” written above his head

32
Q

Resurrection

A
  • Christians believe that 3 days after crucifixion he came back from the dead - resurrection
  • After his death, Jesus’ body was taken down from the cross and placed into a rock tomb with a heavy stone covering its entrance.
  • When his female followers, includingMary Magdalene, visited the tomb the Sunday after his crucifixion, they saw that the stone had been rolled away from the tomb. Inside, Jesus’ body was missing.
  • In the garden surrounding the tomb, there appeared a man dressed in white. The women pled with him to return Jesus’ body, but the man explained that he was Jesus. Mary Magdalene returned to the disciples to tell them the good news that Jesus had risen from the dead. Christians call these events the resurrection of Jesus. Jesus is mentioned in thegospelsas appearing many times over the next 40 days.
33
Q

Ancension

A
  • 40 days after resurrection he greeted and blessed his disciples and then returned to his father/ascended to heaven (Ascension)
  • The resurrection and ascension of Jesus prove to Christians that he is the Son of God.
  • Hissacrifice overcame sin and offers humans hope of eternal life.
34
Q

Attributes of Jesus:

A
  1. Jesus is eternal
  2. Jesus is both fully human and divine
  3. Jesus is our saviour
  4. Jesus is a teacher and a guide
35
Q

Attributes of Jesus: 1. Jesus is eternal

A
  • 3 days after crucified he rose from dead (Resurrection) and returned to his father/went to heaven (Ascension) for eternity
    • Resurrection proves Jesus is the promised Messiah and that there is life after death
    • Easter is festival celebrating Resurrection
    • Resurrected Jesus not a ghost - according to accounts in New Testament he. was so real that disciples ate and drank with him
    • made various Resurrection appearances over 40 days
    • appeared 1 time before Ancension
    • some Christians believe that they will have an eternal after life like Jesus
36
Q

Attributes of Jesus: 2. Jesus is both fully human and divine

A
  • some Christians believe that Jesus was God in human form (God incarnate)
    • means that God was Jesus and Jesus was God both human and divine
  • for Christians this is important as God living life as a human allows them to have similar experiences to them and be able to relate to them
37
Q

Attributes of Jesus: 3. Jesus is our saviour

A
  • some Christians believe that Jesus died to take away sin and that he died to make it possible for peoples’ sin to be forgotten
  • New Testament teaches Jesus’s death was part of God’s plan for reconciling the world to himself
    • atonement - making up for Sina nd making the God and world one
38
Q

Attributes of Jesus: 4. Jesus is a teacher and a guide

A
  • his life seen by some Christian as a perfect example of God-like behaviour and attitude
  • had many methods of teaching:
    • The Beatitudes - listing of good qualities
    • Matthew 5:43-44 - listing commands
    • The Parable of the Good Samaritan - told storied with moral meanings (parables)

Yr 9 PTE (3 decks)

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