The nature-nurture debate Flashcards

1
Q

State the definition of Interactionist approach

A

View that processes of nature & nurture work together rather than in opposition

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2
Q

State the definition of Nature in this sense

A

Behaviour is seen to be a product of innate factors

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3
Q

What is the nature-nurture debate?

A

The argument as to whether a person’s development is mainly due to their genes or environmental influences

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4
Q

State the definition of Nurture in this sense

A

Behaviour is a product of environmental influences

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5
Q

What are innate influences referred to as and what are they?

A

Nature

Refers to abilities present at birth - determined by genes

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6
Q

…… acquired through interactions with the environment. Includes both physical & social world

A

Nurture/Environmental influences

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7
Q

State the Examples of the influence of nature

A
  • Genetic explanations
  • Evolutionary explanations
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8
Q

State the Genetic explanations (Examples of the influence of nature)

A

Family twin & adoption studies

  • The more genetically identical 2 individuals are - the more likely they develop similar behaviours

e.g concordance rates for mental disorder ( e.g schizphrenia )
40% for MZ twins
7% for DZ twins

this demonstrates that nature has a major contribution to disorder

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9
Q

State the Evolutionary explanations (Examples of the influence of nature)

A

Based on principle that behaviour or characteristic that promotes survival/reproduction will be naturally selected
- this is because these are adaptive - genes for that behaviour will be passed down

e.g Bowlby proposed attachment is adaptive - meant infant was more likely to be protected

therefore, attachment behaviours are naturally selected - can only be done through genetic mechanisms

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10
Q

State the Examples of the influence of nurture

A
  • Behaviourism
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Other explanations
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11
Q

State Behaviourism is ( Examples of the influence of nurture )

A

Behaviourists assume all behaviour can be explained in terms of experience alone
( e.g Skinner used concepts of classical & operant conditioning)

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12
Q

State what Social Learning Theory is in terms of Examples of the influence of nurture

A
  • Bandura added new dimensions of indirect reinforcement (vicarious)
  • Acknowledged that biology had a role to play (urge to be aggressive = biological)
    way a person learns to express anger is acquired through environmental influences
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13
Q

State other explanations of influence of nurture

A

Double bind theory of schizophrenia

  • suggest this mental disorder develops in children
  • those who receive contradictory messages from their parents
  • prevents child developing an internally consistent construction of reality- leads to symptoms
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