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POLS1002 > The Nation and The State > Flashcards

The Nation and The State Flashcards

1
Q

What is sovereignty?

A
  • The highest governmental authority in a territorial state (the
    Sovereign)
  • The power to enforce rules of conduct (including life and death)
  • Power to make law
  • Control of executive functions (tax)
  • Independent from external control
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2
Q

What types of sovereignty are there?

A
  • Personal Sovereignty
  • Parlimentary Sovereignty
  • Popular Sovereignty
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3
Q

What is parliamentary sovereignty?

A
  • The supreme authority of parliament is to make laws - Blackstone
  • “Parliament can do anything except make a man into a women” - AV Dicey
  • (Locke)
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4
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A
  • Supreme authority resides in the people and can not be delegated - Rousseau
  • People should make laws themselves via direct democracy
  • American Declaration of Independence - “Governments derive their power from the consent of the governed”
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5
Q

How do the different sovereignties exist in Australia?

A
  • Personal - Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign
  • Parliamentary - legal sovereign (to make laws)
  • Popular - elect members of House of Representatives
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6
Q

What is the State?

A
  • The state is the combination of people, territory and sovereignty
  • A state exists when a sovereign power (i.e. Parliament - wherever the power is vested according to the constitution) rules over a population residing within the boundaries of a fixed territory
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7
Q

What is citizenship?

A
  • Citizenship
    • Membership in the state
    • 2 methods of natural citizenship:
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8
Q

What are the 2 methods of natural citizenship?

A
  • Birth (jus soli)
    • Being born in a particular place
  • Blood (jus sanguinis)
    • Having at least 1 parent of a place
    • Countries define how many generations may pass without an ancestor being born in said country before the descendants in question are no longer citizens by blood (Canada - 1 generation - grandkids won’t be Canadian)
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9
Q

What is the nation?

A

An identity shared by a large number of people based on, but not reducible to, objective factors such as common race, language, religion, customs and government

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10
Q

What is the difference between civic and ethnic nations?

A
  • Civic nations: identity that depends primarily on acceptance of political order
  • Ethic nations: identity depends on objective factors such a language or religion
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11
Q

What is the difference between the state and the nation?

A
  • The state is a legal entity
  • A nation is a feeling of belonging based on identifiable or
    non-identifiable characteristics
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12
Q

What are nation-states?

A
  • A state with a single predominate national identity - Iceland, Sweden, Poland
  • Binational or multinational states - two or more nations exist under a single government - Canada, Australia
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13
Q

What is the international order?

A
  • The combination of major actors, mechanisms and understanding that manage the co-existence and interdependence of states
  • International relations is about states and how they get along
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14
Q

What is the Westphalian System?

A
  • Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 - ended the 30 Years War in Europe
  • Beginning of the sovereign state as the unit of action and analysis in IR
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15
Q

What is anarchy in the international system?

A
  • Anarchic system - no central command (i.e. no world police)
  • Must ensure self-preservation
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16
Q

What is the history of the international order?

A
  • Tired of meddling in the affairs and territories of others
  • Balance of Power - if no one state gets too strong, there is over (i.e. no one state can dominate the system)
  • If one state gets too strong, the other states align to balance out (shifting alliances)
  • aka. Multi-Polar System (1500-1900)
  • WW1 - WW2 the international system breaks down
  • Post WW2 - Bi-Polar System - USA & USSR (1944-1989)
  • Stability through mutual force
  • 1989 (end of the cold war) - present day
  • Fall of communism and rise of one super/hegemonic power (USA)
  • Uni-Polar System (USA) (1989 - ?)
17
Q

What is MAD?

A
  • Mutually Assured Destruction
  • Nuclear policy where both parties in effect destroy each other
  • Neither party can win the war, both destroyed - order
  • Problem: may not apply?
18
Q

What is NUTS?

A
  • Nuclear Utilisation Target Selection
  • Limited nuclear exchange
  • Attack one or more cities (vs. all out attack)
  • First Strike/Counter Strike mentality - attack and retake before eventual peace
  • Idea that we can survive a limited nuclear exchange
19
Q

What does the geography of the EU, USA and China tell us about the system?

A

Regional economic powers, multi-Polarity system based on regionalism

20
Q

What is Realism?

A
  • A theory where the international system is understood as: self help, lack of trust, and dependence on one’s (military) power
  • Order comes out of the balance of power - lack of trust
  • No state wants to rely on another for help (the other guy is out to get me)
  • Question the ability of international law (World Court), international organisations (UN) and regimes to limit the competition between states (because fosters peace (check keeping))
21
Q

What is Liberalism?

A
  • A theory of relations between that streeses the rule of law
  • Cooperation can create order (no guarantee)
  • As countries become more independent (trade & investment) they become less likely to ‘rock the boat’ because of the cost
  • Idea that spreading democracy leads to a more peaceful world
  • Democracies have never gone to war with each other
22
Q

What is the security dilemma?

A
  • Trying to make yourself more secure leads to less security
  • Arms race - downward conflict spiral: Action/Reaction cycle may lead to conflict (building of military can provoke other states who then produce more etc)
  • Paradox
23
Q

What are the problems with the international order?

A
  • Non-state actors
  • Terrorism
  • Human trafficking
  • Enviornment
  • Non traditional state challenges - climate change

POLS1002 (12 decks)

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