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Gross Anatomy > The Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

The Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

External Cartilages of the Nose

A
  • Single Septal cartilage in midline
    • Anterior Nasal Septum
  • Paired lateral nasal cartilages expand laterally
  • Paired alar cartilages form shape of anterior nostrils
  • Alar fibrofatty tissue completes posterior/lateral shape of nostrils
    VISUAL = Slide 3
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2
Q

Root & Floor of Nasal Cavity

A
  • Nasal & Frontal bones = anterior roof
  • Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone = central part of roof
    -Body of sphenoid bone = posterior roof
  • Palatine process of maxilla = anterior 3/4 of floor
  • Horizontal plate of palatine bone = posterior 1/4 floor
    VISUAL = Slide 5
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3
Q

Lateral Nasal Wall

A
  • Vestibule & atrium = cartilaginous anterior wall
  • Frontal process of maxilla & lacrimal bone = bony anterior wall
  • Supr., mid., &infr. Conchae (turbinates) = bony middle wall
  • Perp. plate of palatine bone = bony posterior wall
    VISUAL = Slide 7
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4
Q

Medial Nasal Wall

A

• Formed by cartilaginous & bony nasal septum
• Septal cartilage = anterior septum
• Perp. Plate of Ethmoid bone = superior septum • Vomer bone & nasal crest = inferior septum
• Crest is formed by both maxilla & palatine bone
VISUAL = Slide 9

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5
Q

Specifics of Nasal Conchae

A

Supeior, Middle, Inferior Conchae cover respective meastuses

VISUAL = Slide 12

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6
Q

Frontal Sinus

A

• Found within frontal bone lateral to midline
• Drains via frontonasal duct / canal into infundibulum
– Hiatus semilunaris
• From here enters middle meatus of nasal cavity – Anterior to ethmoidal bulla
VISUAL = Slide 14, 15

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7
Q

Maxillary Sinus

A

• Made up of 3 walls & appears pyramidal in coronal section
• Superior wall – separates sinus from orbit
• Medial wall – separates sinus from nasal cavity
• Lateral wall – separates sinus from infratemporal fossa
VISUAL = Slide 18

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8
Q

Maxillary Sinus Ostium

A

• Maxillary Sinus drains via maxillary opening or ostium
• Communicates with hiatus semilunaris
• Therefore, sinus ultimately drains into middle meatus
VISUAL = Slide 21

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9
Q

Clinical Notes: Maxillary Sinus

A

• Opening of sinus often seen on coronal CT
• Infections of sinus can be irrigated thru ostium
• Trocar used to create artificial opening if needed – Can be pushed thru lateral was of inferior meatus
– Trocar would end up near floor of maxillary sinus

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10
Q

Clinical Notes: Maxillary Sinus cont’d

A

• Roots of upper teeth may project into maxillary sinus – May be covered by mucoperiosteum
• Infection from a decaying tooth may spread into sinus
• Extraction of tooth may tear membrane
• Produces fistula between mouth & maxillary sinus
– Patient then unable to blow cheeks out
• air from mouth escapes via fistula into sinus & nasal cavity

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11
Q

Ethmoid Air Cells (sinuses)

A

• Number of cells (3-13) divided into 3 groups
• Anterior cells – anterior to ethmoid bulla
• Middle cells – lateral to ethmoidal bulla
• Posterior cells – lateral to superior nasal concha
VISUAL = Slide 27

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12
Q

Ethmoidal Openings

A

• Anterior ethmoid air cells – drain via anterior
ethmoidal openings
• Middle ethmoid air cells – drain via middle ethmoidal opening
Openings then drain thru hiatus semilunaris to middle meatus
• Posterior ethmoid air cells – drain via posterior ethmoidal openings
Openings then drain to superior meatus
VISUAL = slide 29

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13
Q

Sphenoid Sinus

A 
•  Found within body of sphenoid bone anterior inferior to sella turcica
•  One sinus on either side of midline
•  Completely divided by bony septum
•  Usually, R & L sinuses asymmetrical
VISUAL = 31
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14
Q

Sphenoethmoidal Recess

A

• Sphenoid sinus drains here via sphenoid opening
• Found just posterior superior to superior nasal concha
• Opening may be obscured
– By large middle nasal concha or deviated septum

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15
Q

Nasolacrimal Canal

A

• Connects orbit with nasal cavity
• Accommodates passage of nasolacrimal duct
• Enters nasal cavity & drains to inferior meatus
• Allows tears to flow from medial eye to inferior nose
• Opening of canal often seen on transverse CT
VISUAL = Slide 36

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16
Q

Arterial Supply of Nasal Cavity

A

• Anterior ethmoidal brs – supply upper anterior septum & lateral wall
• Posterior ethmoidal brs. – supply upper posterior septum & lateral wall
• Sphenopalatine brs. – supply lower septum & lateral wall
• These form extensive anastomoses within nasal cavity
– Damage may cause nose to bleed profusely
- Anastomse at Kisselbach area
VISUAL = 38

17
Q

Venous Drainage of Nasal Cavity

A

• Begins as extensive venous plexuses
• Plexuses drain into vv. corresponding to
nasal aa.
• Veins in turn, drain into pterygoid plexus of vv.
• Also drains into superior ophthalmic & facial vv.
VISUAL = 40

18
Q

Olfactory Special Sense

A
  • Olfactory(CNI)–provides special sensory innervation
  • Carries sense of smell from olfactory epithelium to brain
  • A “system of nerve components”
  • Nerve filaments–pass thru cribriform plates
  • Olfactory bulbs–receive filaments
  • Olfactory tracts–pass posterior tool factory cortex
19
Q

Parasympathetic Nerves

A

• Geniculate ganglion – sends off p-symps.
from CN VII
• Travel in greater petrosal n. to pterygoid canal
• P-symps continue on to pterygopalatine ganglion
• Distributed to nasal, lacrimal & palatal glands
• Note: travel with symp. fibers on brs. CN V2
VISUAL = 44

20
Q

Sympathetic Nerves

A

• Superior Cervical ganglion – sends off
symps. from T1-T2
• Travel in internal carotid plexus of nn.
• Some fibers leave plexus as deep petrosal n.
• Joins gr. Petrosal n. to form (Vidian) n. of pterygoid canal
• Symps. Pass thru pterygopalatine ganglion
• Distributed to nasal arterioles & sinusoids

21
Q

General Sensory Nerves

A

• Brs. of nasociliary n. (CN V1) – supply some of nasal cavity
• Brs. of maxillary n. (CN V2) – supply most of nasal cavity
• Supply both septum & lateral wall
• Brs. pass thru pterygopalatine ganglion, but do not synapse
VISUAL = 48

22
Q

Nerves of Paranasal Sinus

A

• Brs. of maxillary (CN V2) – provide general sensation
• Greater petrosal brs. (CN VII) – provide p- symp. fibers
• Deep petrosal brs. (T1-T2) – provide symp. fibers
• All travel to sinuses on brs. Of CN V2
VISUAL = 50

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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