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Gross Anatomy > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Cavity Borders

A
  • Hard & Soft Palate = roof
  • Tongue & sublingual region = floor
  • Teeth & gums = anterior/lateral walls
  • Palatoglossal arches = posterior/lateral walls
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2
Q

Palate: Hard vs. Soft

A
  • Hard Palate = anterior 2/3 – Maxilla & Palatine bone

* Soft Palate = posterior 1/3 – Muscle tissue & uvula

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3
Q

Soft Palate

A 
•  Palatine glands
–  mucous glands add thickness anteriorly
•  Aponeurosis
–  adds strength to anterior 1/3
•  Muscles
–  add mobility to posterior 2/3
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4
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini m.

A 
Found in soft palate
•  Arises from sphenoid bone
•  Descends & turns 90° around medial
pterygoid hamulus
•  Insert into palatine aponeurosis
•  Tenses & depresses soft palate
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5
Q

Levator Veli Palatini m.

A

Found in soft palate
• Arises from temporal bone & auditory tube
• Inserts into palatine aponeurosis
• Located just posteriomedial to tensor veli
palatini m.
• Elevates & retracts soft palate

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6
Q

Soft Palate: Vascular Supply

A

• Descending palatine a.
– Gives rise to greater & lesser palatine aa. – Descends thru palatine canal
– Greater Palatine a.
• Suppliesanteriorpalate
• Passesthrugreaterpalatineforamen
– Lesser Palatine a.
• Suppliesposteriorpalate
• Passesthrugreaterorlesserpalatineforamen
• Venous drainage via Pterygoid & Pharyngeal plexuses

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7
Q

Soft Palate: Sensory N. Supply

A 
Nasopalatine n. (CN V2)
–  Supplies tip of palate
–  passes thru incisive canal
Greater Palatine n. (CNV2)
–  Supplies anterior palate
–  Passes thru greater palatine foramen
Lesser Palatine n. (CN V2)
–  Supplies posterior palate
–  Passes thru lesser palatine foramen
Travel with greater & lesser palatine vessels
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8
Q

Soft Palate: Motor N. Supply

A 
•  Mandibular n. (CN V3)
– Supplies tensor veli palatini m.
•  Vagus n. (CN X)
– Supplies levator veli palatini m.
– All other mm. of palate (4) supplied by Vagus n. (via pharyngeal plexus)
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9
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

• Bilaterally in oropharynx in tonsillar bed (fossa)
– Between palatoglossal arch & palatopharyngela arch
– Located between soft palate & lingual tonsil
• Note: with age, tonsils may become inconspicuous

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10
Q

Palatine tonsils: Arterial Supply

A 
•  Tonsillar brs of lingual & facial aa.
–  Both brs. of external carotid a. •  Ascending pharyngeal a.
–  Br. of external carotid a.
•  Lesser palatine a.
–  Br. of descending palatine a.
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11
Q

Clinical Notes: Tonsillectomy

A

• Palatine tonsils may be removed
• Heavy bleeding may occur from aa.
• Bleeding from paratonsillar v. also common – Venous drainage from tonsillar bed region
• CN IX lies on lateral pharyngeal wall
– Vulnerable to injury because lateral wall is thin

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12
Q

Features of Oral Cavity

A
  • Sublingual region - under tongue
  • Lingual frenulum – attaches tongue to floor of mouth
  • Opening of submandibular duct – on each side of frenulum
  • Sublingual fold – mucosal fold overlying sublingual gland
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13
Q

Sublingual Gland

A

• Found inferior to sublingual fold & superior to mylohyoid m.
– Remember: mylohyoid is foundation for oral cavity
• Numerous ducts from gland open onto surface of fold
– Some may unite with submandibular duct

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14
Q

Submandibular Duct

A
  • Wharton’s duct
  • Originates in submandibular gland
  • Runs along medial aspect of sublingual gland
  • Ends anteriorly & lateral to the frenulum of tongue (bilaterally)
  • Crossed TWICE by the lingual n.
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15
Q

Lingual N.

A
  • Br. CN V3
  • Emerges between lat. & med. pterygoid mm.
  • Passes post. To 3rd molar
  • Spirals around submandibular duct lateral to hyoglossus m.
  • Crosses from supr./lat. to infr. to supr./med.
  • Ends with several brs piercing ant. 2/3 tongue
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16
Q

Submandibular Ganglion

A

• ~Level of 3rd molar
• Suspended from lingual n.
by 2 or more short n. brs.
• Relays p-symp. Fibers from chorda tympani (CNVII)
• These fibers travel to submandibular and sublingual glands
• Symp. Fibers to glands are from external carotid plexus

17
Q

Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)

A
  • Deep to post. belly digastric and stylohyoid mm.
  • Runs anterior between submandibular gland and hyoglossus m.
  • Inferior to lingual n.
  • Superior to mylohyoid m.
  • Ends in posterior tongue to provide motor innervation
18
Q

Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)

A
  • Runs lateral to stylopharyngeus m. to enter pharynx
  • Between superior & middle constrictor mm.
  • Continues anteriorly thru tonsillar region
  • Ends in posterior tongue to provide sensory innervation
19
Q

Muscles of Tongue

A 
•  Styloglossus m.
–  Styloid process to tongue
•  Hyoglossus m.
–  Hyoid bone to tongue
•  Genioglossus m.
–  Genoid tubercle of mandible to tongue
•  Intrinsic mm.
–  Vertical, transverse & long fibers
20
Q

Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m.

A

•Paired mm. fused in midline that serves to protrude tongue
• Unilateral paralysis of CNXII affects straight protrusion – Intact side protrudes more than affected side
– Results in deviation of tongue toward paralyzed side
• Bilateral paralysis results in inability to protrude tongue – Tongue falls back & may occlude airway (suffocation)

21
Q

Oral Cavity: Arterial Supply

A

• Facial a. – supplies most of superficial structures
• Lingual a. – supplies most of deeper structures – 3 brs. to tongue region
– Dorsal Lingual a., Deep lingual a., & Sublingual a.
• Accompanying vv. provide venous drainage to IJV – Tongue falls back & may occlude airway (suffocation)

22
Q

Tongue: Special Sensory

A 
•  Chorda tympani n. (CNVII)
–  Taste to anterior 2/3
–  Fibers travel with lingual n.
•  Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
–  Taste to posterior 1/3 tongue
23
Q

Tongue: General Sensory

A

• Lingual n. (CNV3)
– Sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue
• Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
– Sensory to posterior 1/3 tongue

24
Q

Innvervation to Maxilla

A

• Ant. Supr. Alveolar n.– br. of Infraorbital n.(CNV2) – supplies incisors & canines
• Mid. Supr. Alveolar n.– br. of Infraorbital n.(CNV2) – supplies premolars & mesiobuccal root of 1st molar
• Post. Supr. Alveolar n.–br. of Maxillary n.(CNV2) – supplies molars, except mesiobuccal root of 1st molar
** Plexuses & variations exist

25
Q

Innervation to Mandible

A

• Inferior Alveolar n.
– Br. of CN V3
– Supplies all mandibular teeth

26
Q

Oral Cavity: Arterial Supply

A
  • Approx. corresponds to nerve supply of teeth
  • Ant. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Infraorbital a.
  • Mid. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Infraorbital a.
  • Post. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Maxillary a.
  • Inferior Alveolar a. – br. of Maxillary a.

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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