The Musculoskeletal System And Exercise Flashcards
Describe the muscle membranes
Epimysium covers the whole muscle
Perimysium covers each fascicle
Endomysium surrounds each muscle fibre
Describe the formation of muscles
Muscle belly
Fasciculi
Muscle fibre
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Describe a tendon
Tendons are strong, inelastic strap like structures that attach muscle to the periosteum
How is human movement achieved
By muscle tissue pulling on bone to produce motion at mobile joints
What is the outer membrane of the muscle called
Epimysium
What is the term given to a bundle of muscle fibres
Fasciculi
What is the outer sheath of a bundle of muscle fibres called
Perimysium
What is the name of the membrane around each muscle fibre
Endomysium
Individual muscle fibres are formed from what structure
Myofibrils containing the contractile proteins in compartments called sarcomeres
What mechanism results in the muscle contraction
The sliding filament theory
What are the two types of myofilaments
Actin and myosin
What is the name given to the compartments that myofilaments are arranged in
Sarcomeres
Which are the thin and which are the thick myofilaments
Actin are thin
Myosin are thick
Which structure attaches to the actin filaments and pulls on these filaments
Myosin heads
Why is calcium important to muscle contraction
Calcium causes the blocking molecule to move away from the myosin binding site thus allowing the primed myosin head to bind with the actin and rotate in what is called the power stroke
Describe the location and function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Surrounding the myofibrils is a network of tubes called the sarcoplasmic reticulum, these act as calcium reservoirs. Nervous system stimulation of the SR causes release of calcium
Identify the three types of muscle fibres
Type one slow twitch
Type 2A intermediate twitch fibres
Type 2B fast twitch fibres
Which muscle fibre is most associated with a long duration Aerobie activities
Type one
Which muscle fibre type is very anaerobic in nature
2 B
Which type of muscle fibre will take on more slow twitch or fast twitch characteristics depending on the training stimulus
2 a
What is the term for the soreness experienced in muscles 1 to 3 days after exercise
Delayed onset muscle soreness DOMS
Which axis of movement is generally associated with the sagittal plane of movement
The medial lateral axis
Which plane of movement is generally associated with the longitudinal axis of movement
Transverse plane
List the joint actions and planes of movement available at the shoulder joint
Flexion / extension horizontal flexion and extension, abduction / addiction, internal and external rotation
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Name the muscles of the rotator cuff
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
The shoulder girdle is comprised of what bony structures
Scapula and clavicles
Describe the attachments and actions of the quadratus lumborum muscle
Origin iliac crest
Insertion 12th rib and transverse processes of L1-4
Lateral flexion and extension of spine and Laterally tilts the pelvis
Describe the difference between the shoulder and hip joints
The shoulder allows a greater range of movement but is less stable and the hip is more stable and allows a small range of movement
Which is the only bi axle muscle of the quadriceps muscle group
Rectus Femoris
Identify the three bones that form one half of the pelvis
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Identify two groups of ligament associated with the pelvic girdle
Sacroiliac ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Sacrospinious ligaments
Symphysis pubis ligaments
Which five muscles internally rotate the shoulder joint
Deltoids
Sub scapularis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Name the rotator cuff muscles
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Which muscles retract the shoulder girdle
Rhomboids
Trapezius
What are the primary concentric actions of the piriformis muscle
Abduction and external rotation of the hip
Name the muscles that flex the hip joint
Iliacus or psoas and the rectus femoris
What are the concentric actions of the gluteus maximus muscle
Extension external rotation and abduction of the hip
What are the concentric actions of the quadratus lumborum muscle
Lateral flexion and extension of the spine and laterally tilts the pelvis
Name the five hip adductor muscles
Adductor Magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
What are the three hamstring muscles
Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
What are the concentric actions of the gastrocnemius muscle
Plantarflexion of ankle and flexion of the knee
