❌The Musculoskeletal System And Analysis Of Movement In Physical Activities Flashcards
What are the types of joint?
Ball and socket
Hinge
Explain the ankle joint
Hinge
Talus, Tibia, Fibula
Explain the knee joint
Hinge
Femur, Tibia
Explain the hip joint
Ball and socket
Pelvis and femur
Explain the shoulder joint
Ball and socket
Scapula, humerus
Explain the elbow
Hinge
Radius, ulna, humerus
What are the types of joint actions?
Flexion Extension Hyper-extension Abduction Adduction Dorsi-flexion Plantar-flexion Horizontal adduction Horizontal abduction
What is flexion, extension and hyper-extension?
The angle at the joint decreases.
The angle at the joint increases.
Increasing the angle further (e.g. past 0 degrees/normal standing position) - increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint.
What is adduction and abduction?
Movement towards the midline of the body.
Movement away from the midline of the body.
What are articulating bones?
Bones that meet and move at the joint.
What is dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion?
Flexion and extension at the ankle
What is horizontal abduction and adduction?
Occurs in the shoulder when the arm is held straight out in front at a 90 degree angle to the body and parallel to the ground and is either moved across the body (adduction) and or away from the body (abduction).
What are the planes?
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
What are the axes?
Transverse
Longitudinal
Sagittal
What are the planes and axes pairing?
Sagittal plane. Transverse axis.
Transverse plane. Longitudinal axis.
Frontal plane. Sagittal axis.
What actions occur in the frontal plane and about a sagittal axis?
Abduction and adduction
What actions occur in the sagittal plane and about a transverse axis?
Extension, flexion and hyper-extension.
Dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion.
What actions occur in the transverse plane and about a longitudinal axis?
Rotation
Horizontal abduction and adduction
What is the sagittal plane?
Divides the body into right and left haves.
What is the frontal plane?
Divides the body into front and back haves.
What is the transverse plane?
Divides the body into upper and lower haves.
What is the transverse axis?
Runs from side to side across the body
What is the sagittal axis?
Runs from the front to back
What is the longitudinal axis?
Runs from top to bottom.
What is an agonist?
The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring.
Contracts.
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement)
Relaxes.
What is an isometric contraction?
When a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement.
It’s static
What is an isotonic contraction?
When there is movement at the muscle
What are the types of isotonic contraction?
Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
What is a concentric contraction?
When a muscle shortens under tension.
What is an eccentric contraction?
When a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake.
