The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
The framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs
skeleton
A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones; it supports and strengthens a joint
ligament
The fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
tendons
The support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear
cartilage
The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage
axial skeleton
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
appendicular skeleton
the chest or rib cage
thoracic cage
the chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels
thorax (thoracic cavity)
The area of the head above the ears and eyes; the skull. It contains the brain
cranium
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
foramen magnum
the most posterior portion of the cranium
occiput
The lateral portions on each side of the cranium
temporal regions
The areas between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium
parietal regions
The upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth
maxillae
The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone
zygomas
The bone of the lower jaw
mandible
The eye socket, made up of the maxilla and sygoma
orbit
the 33 bones that make up the spinal column
vertebrae
The first seven vertebrae in the neck
cervical spine
a set of 12 vertebrae, with a pair of ribs attached to each one
thoracic spine
the 5 vertebrae of the lower back
lumbar spine
5 vertebrae that are fused together to form one bone
sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
the last 4 vertebrae; fused together; also called the tailbone
coccyx
The breastbone
sternum
the upper quarter of the sternum
manubrium
The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum
xiphoid process
The proximal portion of the upper extremity, made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus
shoulder girdle
The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
clavicle
The shoulder blade
scapula
The supporting bone of the upper arm
humerus
The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb
ulna
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm
radius
The 3 bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
ilium, ischium, and pubis
A hard bony and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen where the two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion
pubic symphysis
The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in chich the femoral head fits snugly
acetabulum
thigh bone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body
femur
the proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
femoral head
A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint.
greater trochanter
The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur
lesser trochanter
kneecap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle
patella
shin bone, the larger of the two bones of the lower leg
tibia
The place where two bones come into contact
joint (articulation)
A type of joint that has grown together forming a very stable connection
symphysis
The fibrous sac that encloses a joint
joint capsule
The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column
sacroiliac joint
The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space
synovial membrane
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication
synovial fluid
A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending
ball-and-socket joint
joints that can bend and straighten, but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane
hinge joints
bend
flex
straighten
extend
The bones and voluntary muscles of the body
musculoskeletal system
Involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity
smooth muscle
the heart muscle
cardiac muscle
muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle
skeletal muscle
The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus
biceps
the muscle in the back of the upper arm
triceps
