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EMS-The Human Body (Chapter 5) > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body

A

circulatory system

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2
Q

The portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs

A

systemic circulation

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3
Q

The flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries an all of their branches and capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins; also called the lesser circulation

A

pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through out the body

A

heart

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5
Q

The heart muscle

A

myocardium

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6
Q

One of the two upper chambers of the heart

A

atrium

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7
Q

One of two lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricle

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8
Q

The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs of the left atrium of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

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9
Q

Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting

A

chordae tendineae

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10
Q

The number of heartbeats during a specific time

A

heart rate

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11
Q

The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction

A

stroke volume (SV)

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12
Q

The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand

A

tunica media

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13
Q

The principal artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body

A

aorta

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14
Q

The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; it carries oxygen-poor blood

A

pulmonary artery

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15
Q

The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries

A

arterioles

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16
Q

The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries

A

pulse

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17
Q

The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain

A

carotid artery

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18
Q

The principal artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area

A

femoral artery

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19
Q

The major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side

A

radial artery

20
Q

The major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm

A

brachial artery

21
Q

The artery just behind the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot

A

posterior tibial artery

22
Q

The artery on the anterior surface of the foot, between the first and second metatarsals

A

dorsalis pedis artery

23
Q

The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood

A

capillary vessels

24
Q

Muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes

A

sphincters

25
Q

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart

A

superior vena cava

26
Q

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and the abdominal organs to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

27
Q

The resistance that blood must over come to be able to move within the blood vessels. SVR is related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel

A

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

28
Q

A sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion.

A

plasma

29
Q

Cells that carry oxygen to the body’s tissues; also called erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

30
Q

Blood cells that have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes

A

white blood cells

31
Q

Tiny, disk-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding

A

platelets

32
Q

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them

A

blood pressure (BP)

33
Q

The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the centricles

A

systole

34
Q

The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles

A

diastole

35
Q

A device used to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

36
Q

The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell’s current needs

A

perfusion

37
Q

An abnormal state associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the metabolic apparatus of the cell

A

shock

38
Q

The space in between the cells

A

interstitial space

39
Q

The pressure of water against the walls of its container

A

hydrostatic pressure

40
Q

The pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as a result of the presence of plasma proteins

A

oncotic pressure

41
Q

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

epinephrine

42
Q

A neurotransmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock; produces vasoconstriction through its alpha-stimulater properties

A

norepinephrine

43
Q

Portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels

A

alpha-adrenergic receptors

44
Q

Portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation

A

beta-adrenergic receptors

45
Q

pertaining to the nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline. The terms also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.

A

adrenergic

EMS-The Human Body (Chapter 5) (9 decks)

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