The musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what is a ball and socket joint and give an example
- allows movement in every direction
- hip and shoulder are ball and socket joints
what is a hinge joint and give an example
- only allows movement in one direction
- the ankle, knee and elbow are hinge joints
describe the sagital plane
this is a vertical plane, divides the body into right and left halfs.
describe the transverse plane
this divides the body into upper and lower halfs
what is the transverse axis
runs from side to side across the body.
flexion, extension plantarflexion dorsiflexion and hyper extension occur in a sagital plane about a transverse axis
what is the sagital axis
runs from front to back and abduction and adduction occur on this axis
what is the longitudinal axis
runs from the top to the bottom of the body and horizontal abduction and horizontal abduction occur on this axis
whats the difference between horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction
horizontal abduction is the movement of a limb forwards while it is held parralel to the ground and adduction is where it moves backwards
what is a concentric contraction
when a muscle shortens under tension
what is eccentric contraction
when a muscle lengthens under tension or performers negative work and acts like a break