Psychological factors that can influence an individual Flashcards
What does NACH mean
need to achieve- driven to succeed for feelings of pride or satisfaction. no fear of failure
What does NAF mean
need to avoid failure- driven to avoid the feelings of failure shame and humiliation
what is the equation for acheivemnet motivation
achievement motivation = NACH - NAF
means if we have higher levels of NACH than NAF then = high achievers
define achievement motivation
the tendency to approach or avoid competitive competitive situations
state two characteristics of NACHs and NAFs
NACHs
- welcome competition
- confident
- take risks
- task persistant
NAFs
- give up easily
- do not like feedback
- low confidence
- avoid 50/50 challenges
name three ways that a coach can develop need to achieve in an athlete
- reinforcement- coach can offer praise and rewards so players desire to do well
- attribute success internally- coach should tell player that something that went right was down to the player
- allowing success- set drills that can be acheieved realistically to build confidence
what is acheievement goal theory
- one internal sense of ability is the central motivating factor
- task- skill mastery- high intrinsic motivation
- ego- with low intrinsic motivation and higher stress/ pressure and social comparison
what is confidence
a belief in the ability to master a task
whats the difference between trait and state confidence
trait confidence- a belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports
state confidence- a belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment
define competitive orientation
the degree to which a performer is drawn to challenging situations
explain vealeys model of self confidence
- suggest that confidence gained in one area of sport can be used to improve confidence in another
- she suggest that a combination of trait + state confidence produce a level of confidence in an objective sporting situation.
- if a skill has been used succesfully in the past then state and trait confidence will be high.
- the result or outcome of the situation is then evealuated by the perfomer. player then makes a judgement on weather this result will lead to more confidence in the future and they may go on to develop competive orientation.
- e.g player taking a pen when the scores are level and in front of big crowd, scores and then in future player more confident .
name three methods of improving confidence
- control arousal with stress management techniques
- give an accurate demonstration
- point out past successes
- give support and encouragement
- allow success during training
define self efficiacy
the belief that an individual has when concerning their ability to be successful when faced with certain situations
describe banduras self efficiency theory
- states that four factors effect self efficacy judgement which leads to either increased or decreased behavior/ performance
- 4 factors: performance accomplishments/ vicarious experience/ social persuasion/ psychological and emotional states
define vicarious experience
seeing others do the task
whats the difference between a prescribed and emergent leader
emergent leader- emerges from within the group usually due to their performance levels and close connections to other members of the team
prescribed- this is a leader who is appointed from outside the group due to their managerial abilities and status
what is an autocratic leadership style
- leader has total control, dictating teams strategies and goals
- sole decision maker
- task orientated and not approachable
- is needed in a poorly organised group when a quick decision is needed.
name 2 disadvantages of an autocratic leadership.
- percieved as controlling
- stifles creativity
what is a democratic leadership style?
- open style, taking on board opinions of others
- people centred, focused on building team relationships
- allow decisions from others and good communication
- needed when creativity is required and in individual sports
what are 2 disadvantages of a democratic leadership style?
- can lead to teammates being unsure of their roles
- time consuming
what is a laissez-faire leadership style?
- leaders take a back seat without adding input.
- sessions are governed by other team members
- there is a focus on problem solving
- needed when members within the team have the capability of working without guidance.
what are some disadvantages of laissez faire leadership style?
- low productivity
- lack of guidance leads to confusion
- lack of organisation
- lack of team cohesion
What is home feild advantage
-where the influence of playing at home with a home croud could increase confidence of the home team and cause anxiety of the away team
why might home field advantages occur
- the impact of fans- find that extra levels of performance.
- setting- used to facilities and pitch
- away side may suffer from effects of travel. e.g jet lag
what is contingency model of leadership
- suggest that a single ideal style of leadership does not exist and that the effectiveness of a leader is dependent of the situation they find themselves in.
- individuals traits affect how successful there leadership is in certain situations
what 2 factors does feildlers model base itself off
- leadership style- this is tied into the leaders personality traits which in turn determines how the leader builds relationships with the group
- situational control- amount of control that leader has over the specific situation, with strong leadership control being confident that their instructions will be adhered to by members of the group.
describe challedurais multi dimensional model of leadership.
this model of sports leadership illustrates the impact that different factors have on the leaders behavior and the outcome.
the model shows the required behavior and preferred behavior are influenced by situational characteristics.
how far the leaders actual behavior is required by the team will determine the groups success
