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GTA Level 2 fitness Instructing (Gym) > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Isotonic?

A

The muscles actions involving movement.

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2
Q

Concentric or Eccentric?

Upwards phase of a press-up

A

Concentric

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3
Q

Concentric or Eccentric?

Static plank

A

Neither it’s isometric

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4
Q

Summarise the sliding filament theory?

A

Myosin and actin filaments slide over each other, creating a shortening of the sarcomeres and the whole muscle.

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5
Q

Which of these statements is correct

  1. Ligaments connect bones to bones and tendons connect muscles to bones
  2. Tendons connect muscles to muscles and ligaments connect bones to bones
  3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones and tendons connect bones to bones
A
  1. Ligaments connect bones to bones and tendons connect muscles to bones
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6
Q

Which muscle rotates the thoracic region of the spine?

A

External and internal obliques

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7
Q

Name a muscles of the leg?

A
  • Quadriceps
  • Hip adductors
  • Iliopsoas - hip flexors
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
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8
Q

Give an example of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Heart

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9
Q

Name the agonist to the hip abductors?

A

Hip adductors

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10
Q

Name the antagonist to the biceps?

A

Triceps

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11
Q

Which muscle fibre type is quicker to tire?

A

Fast twitch (type II)

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12
Q

Which muscle plantar flexes the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius

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13
Q

Where would you locate the adductor muscles?

A

Inner thigh

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14
Q

What four roles could a muscle undertake during any movement?

A
  • Agonist / prime mover - the working muscle
  • Antagonist - the relaxing muscle
  • Synergist - muscles that assist or modify the prime mover
  • Fixators - muscles that contract to stabilise the parts of the body that are fixed
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15
Q

What are the names of the two contractile proteins that make up sarcomere?

A

Actin & Myosin

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16
Q

Name the antagonist to the deltoids?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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17
Q

. When actin and myosin move over each other:

  1. The Sarcomere shortens
  2. The Sarcomere lengthens
  3. The Sarcomere stays the same length
A
  1. The Sarcomere shortens
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18
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
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19
Q

Slow twitch or fast twitch?

Good for endurance activities

A

Slow twitch

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20
Q

Name the agonist to the erector spinae?

A

Rectus abdominis

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21
Q

Give an example of smooth muscle tissue?

A
  • Walls of blood vessels
  • Walls of stomach
  • Ureters
  • Intestines
  • Prostate
  • Gastrointestinal Tract
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Small arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Reproductive tracts (both genders)
  • Veins
  • Bladder
  • Uterus
  • Sphincter
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22
Q

Actin and myosin are:

  1. Contractile ligaments
  2. Contractile fats
  3. Contractile proteins
A
  1. Contractile proteins
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23
Q

Name the anterior skeletal muscles?

A
  • Upper trapezius
  • Deltoids
  • Pectoralis major
  • Biceps brachii
  • External and internal oblique’s
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Iliopsoas – Hip flexors
  • Quadriceps
  • Hip adductors
  • Tibialis anterior
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24
Q

Give an example of skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • Upper trapezius
  • Middle trapezius
  • Lower trapezius
  • Deltoids
  • Pectoralis major
  • Biceps brachii
  • Triceps brachii
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Erector spinae
  • External and internal obliques
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Iliopsoas – Hip flexors
  • Quadriceps
  • Hip adductors
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Soleus
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25
What are the origin and insertion of the muscle?
The origin is the fixed attachment and doesn’t move during body movement, while the insertion is a attachment that moves with contraction.
26
What is the name of the muscle at the front of the lower leg?
Tibialis anterior
27
A small muscle fibre is called a: 1. Sarcomere 2. Myofibril 3. Fascicle
2. Myofibril
28
What are the four key characteristics of muscle tissue?
* Contractility (contract) * Extensibility (stretch & lengthen) * Elasticity (return to original shape) * Excitability (respond to stimuli from the nervous system)
29
Concentric or Eccentric? Downwards phase of an abdominal curl
Eccentric
30
What is the name of the muscle at the back of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii
31
Name the antagonist to the following prime movers: * Biceps * Hip flexors * Adductors * Quadriceps * Tibialis anterior * Deltoids * Rectus abdominis
Biceps = Triceps Hip flexors = Gluteus Maximus Adductors = Abductors Quadriceps = Hamstings Tibialis anterior = Gastrocnemius Deltoids = Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis = Erector spinae
32
Name the antagonist to the hip flexors (Illiopsoas)?
Gluteus maximus
33
Name the three ways in which muscle are attached to bone?
Tendons, aponeurosis and raphe
34
Describe Eccentric?
The muscles generates force and lengthens.
35
Which muscle laterally flexes the spine?
External and internal obliques
36
Describe the difference between fast and slow twitch muscle fibres?
Slow-twitch (or type I) muscles help enable long-endurance feats such as distance running, while fast-twitch (or type II) muscles fatigue faster but are used in powerful bursts of movements like sprinting.
37
Which muscle will contract and how will it contract during the lowering phase of a curl-up?
The Biceps brachii will contract and lengthen (eccentric).
38
Slow twitch or fast twitch? White / light in colour
Fast twitch
39
From the outer most to the deepest, list the structure of a skeletal muscle?
* Tendon * Muscle belly * Epimysium * Fasciculi * Perimysium * Muscle fibre * Endomysium * Myofibril * Sarcomere * Actin * Myosin
40
Slow twitch or fast twitch? Used for explosive activities
Fast twitch
41
Name the posterior skeletal muscles?
* Upper trapezius * Middle trapezius * Lower trapezius * Triceps brachii * Latissimus dorsi * Erector spinae * Gluteus maximus * Hip adductors * Hamstrings * Gastrocnemius * Soleus
42
Name the agonist to the gastrocnemius and soleus?
Tibialis anterior
43
Describe skeletal muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscles cross over the joints and attaches to bone via tendons. They are controlled by the somatic system under conscious or voluntary control.
44
Which muscle adducts the shoulder?
Latissimus dorsi
45
Concentric or Eccentric? As you bring the handles down on a shoulder press
Eccentric
46
Name a muscles of the arm?
* Deltoids * Biceps brachii * Triceps brachii * Brachioradialis * Extensors * Forearm flexors * Wrist flexors
47
Name the agonist to the rhomboids and upper trapezius?
Lower trapezius
48
Slow twitch or fast twitch? You would use these fibres when sprinting
Fast twitch
49
Slow twitch or fast twitch? You would use this for a 30 minute swim
Slow twitch
50
Describe Isometric?
The muscle generates force and stays the same length.
51
Describe the influence of gravity on the muscle contraction?
In the erect position elbow flexion is an anti-gravity motion so the muscle performing that motion (biceps) is performing an anti-gravity contraction by lifting the forearm and hand against gravity.
52
Where would locate the gluteus maximus?
The gluteus maximus muscle is located in the buttocks
53
Describe cardiac muscle tissue?
Cardiac muscle is found in the heart (the chamber walls) pumping blood (and oxygen) continuously around the body. Contraction of the heart is controlled by the sinoatrial node (SAN).
54
What four ‘roles’ can a muscle play in movement?
* Agonist * Antagonist * Synergist * Fixator
55
Name the muscle fibre types?
* Slow twitch (or Type I) fibres. * Fast twitch (or Type II b) fibres. * Intermediate (or Type II a) fibres.
56
Name a muscles of the trunk?
* Upper trapezius * Middle trapezius * Lower trapezius * Latissimus dorsi * Erector spinae * Pectoralis major * External and internal obliques * Rectus abdominis
57
Concentric or Eccentric? As you pull the bar down on a lat pulldown
Concentric
58
Slow twitch or fast twitch? Red in colour
Slow twitch
59
Which muscle abducts the hip?
Gluteus maximus
60
Name the types of muscle actions?
* Concentric: muscle generates force and shortens (lifting or accelerating). * Eccentric: muscle generates force and lengthens (lowering and decelerating). * Isometric: muscle generates force and stays the same length (holding/static control).
61
Name the components of a structured muscle?
* Muscle belly * Epimysium * Fasciculi * Perimysium * Muscle fibre * Endomysium * Myofibril
62
Describe Isokintic?
The muscles actions involve movement at a constant speed.
63
Describe smooth muscle tissue?
Smooth muscle is described as involuntary controlled by the autonomic nervous system and is found in the digestive system, the blood vessels, urinary and reproductive systems.
64
What are myosin and actin?
Myosin is a motor protein that generates the force in a muscle contraction (thick filament) and actin is a spherical protein that forms, among other things, the thin filament in muscle cells.
65
What is the name of the tissue that surrounds the whole muscle?
Epimysium
66
What group of muscles make up the core stabilisers?
* Transversus abdominis (TVA). * Multifidus. * Diaphragm. * Pelvic floor.
67
What is the function of the pelvic floor muscles?
* Support of abdominopelvic viscera (bladder, intestines, uterus etc.) through their tonic contraction. * Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects. * Urinary and fecal continence. The muscle fibers have a sphincter action on the rectum and urethra. They relax to allow urination and defecation.
68
Slow twitch or fast twitch Fatigues quickly
Fast twitch
69
Which muscle flexes the knee?
Hamstring
70
Which muscle extends the hip?
Gluteus maximus
71
Name the antagonist to the quadriceps?
Hamstrings
72
Which muscle extends the elbow?
Triceps brachii
73
Describe Concentric?
The muscles generates force and shortens.
74
Name the 3 types of fascia in a structured muscle?
* Epimysium * Perimysium * Endomysium

GTA Level 2 fitness Instructing (Gym) (17 decks)

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