The Muscular System Flashcards
What does muscular tissue contribute to homeostasis
Body position, produces movement, regulates organ volume, moving substances within the body and producing heat
Almost all 700 individual muscles that make up the muscular system include both what
Skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue
The function of most muscles is to produce what
Movement of body parts
A few muscles function mainly to stabilise the bones so that other skeletal muscles can execute what
Movement more effectiviley
What does the skeletal muscle do to move one of the articulating bones
Contracts
When the skeletal muscle contracts on two articulating bones one bone remains stationary, or near its original position. Why
Either because other muscles stabilise that bone by contracting and pulling it in the other direction, or because its structure makes it less moveable
Ordinarily the attachment of a muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called
The origin
The attachment of the muscles other tendon to the moveable bone is called
The insertion
The origin (attachment) of a tendon on the stationary bone is what to the attachment of the limb
Proximal
The insertion (attachment) of the muscle tendon on the moveable bone is what to the attachment of the limb
Distal
When a muscle contracts, the insertion is pulled towards the origin causing what to happen to the joint
Movement
The fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons is called
The belly
Certain muscles are also capable of reverse muscle action (RMA) What does this mean
It means that specific movements are reversed, therefore, the positions of the origin and the insertion of a specific muscle are switched (ie a pull up on a bar)
What is the fixed point on a joint, on which a bony lever moves
Fulcrum
In producing movement, bones act as levers, and joints function as what
Fulcrums of the levers
A lever is a rigid structure that can move around a fixed point called a
Fulcrum
When the forearm is raised what is the fulcrum
The elbow
The weight of the forearm plus the weight of the object or resistance in the hand when raising the forearm it is called the
Effort
If you get a pair if scissors and try to cut a straightened paper clip with the tip of the scissor this is a mechanical what
Disadvantage
If you get a pair if scissors and try to cut a straightened paper clip nearer the pivot point of the scissor this is a mechanical what
Advantage
In leveraging systems and leverage, scissors and seesaws are examples of what class lever
First, EFL = effort, fulcrum, load
What class levers operate like a wheelbarrow
Second, ELF = effort, load, fulcrum
They always produce a mechanical advantage because the load is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort
What class lever operate like a pair of of tweezers
Third, FEL = fulcrum, effort, load
Skeletal muscle fibers (cells) within a muscle are arranged in bundles known as
Fascicles (FAS-I-kuls)
The muscle fibers are ? within a fascicle
Parallel
Fascicles, may form one of five patterns with respect to the tendons. What are they
Parallel
Fusiform (spindle-shaped, narrow towards the ends and wide in the middle
Circular
Triangular
Pennate (shaped like a feather)
Fascicular arrangement affects what in the muscle
Power and range of motion
What is the role of ligaments and joint capsules
They connect bone to bone
The marrow located in some bones produce what
Blood cells
An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced each second by bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by which organ
The liver
Bones serve as a storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. When excess is present in the blood what happens
A build up will occur within the bones
When the supply of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus within the blood is low how is it replenished
It’s withdrawn from the bones
How is body movement carried out
By the interaction of the muscular and skeletal systems
How are muscles connected to the bones
By tendons
How are bones connected to each other
By ligaments
The bones of the appendicular skeleton are connected with one and other with what muscles
Skeletal
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones that make up the upper and lower limbs as well as what
The bones of the two girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
What is the significance of the pelvic axis
During childbirth the pelvic axis serves as the route taken by the baby’s head as it descends through the pelvis
What is the imaginary line that curves through the true pelvis from the central point of the plane of the pelvic inlet to the central point of the plane of the pelvic outlet
The pelvic axis
Out of the male and female which pelvis is wider and shallower
The female
Out of the male and female which pelvis is wider and shallower
The female
The bones of a male pelvis are narrower and deeper with more prominent markings for muscle attachment but also the bones are …………….. than the female pelvis
Larger and heavier
What is the longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body
The femur (thigh bone)
Roughly how many muscles does the human body contain
650
When the muscles which connect two different bones contract what happens
there is movement of a joint
What three different types of tissues does the muscular system consist of
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are the two main types of muscles in the muscular system
Voluntary and involuntary
What type of muscles are we in control of
Voluntary
What are the muscles that are beyond conscious control
Involuntary ie the heart
What is an intramuscular injection
An injection that penetrates the subcutaneous layer to enter the muscle itself
What is deep fascia (intermuscular septum)
It separates the muscles of the thigh that act on the femur and tibia and fibula into medial, anterior and posterior compartments
Most muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh have a similar orientation and adduct the femur at what joint
The hip
What is the largest muscle in the body, covering most of the anterior surface and sides of the thigh
Quadriceps femoris
What is the common tendon for the quadriceps
Quadriceps tendon
Which muscle of the medial compartment of the thigh, a long strap like muscle on the medial aspect of the thigh and knee adducts the thigh and medially rotates the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee joint
The gracilis
Muscles of the anterior (extensor) compartment of the thigh that extend the leg (and flex the thigh)
Quadriceps femoris and sartorius muscles
The quadriceps femoris muscle is a composite muscle, usually described as four separate muscles. These are called
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
The quadriceps tendon inserts into the patella which then continues below the patella and is called what ligament
Patellar ligament which attaches to the tibial tuberosity
The muscle which is the great extensor muscle of the leg is called
Quadriceps femoris
The muscle that is long and narrow that forms a band across the thigh from the ilium of the hip bone to the medial side of the tibia is called
The sartorius
