The muscular system Flashcards
Acetylcholine
Is an organic molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter in many organisms, including humans.
Abduction
Is a movement which draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane of the body.
Actin
Is a globular multi-functional protein that forms microfilaments.
Action potential
Is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory.
Adduction
is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body.
Aerobic respiration
A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy.
Anaerobic glycolysis
is the transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of oxygen are available.
Antagonist
a muscle that opposes the action of another
Aponeuroses
Layers of flat broad tendons.
Creatine phosphate
An organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction
Dorsiflexion
the movement which decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg, so that the toes are brought closer to the shin.
Extension
The movement of body structures is accomplished by the contraction of muscles.
Fixators
fixed, hence, a muscle which fixes a part.
Flexion
the action of bending or the condition of being bent
Insertion
a point at which a muscle attaches to a bone.
Lactic acid
is produced in the muscles when glucose is broken down during strenuous muscular activity.
Motor unit
made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that axon.
Myofibrils
any of the elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells.
Myosin
A fibrous protein that forms the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells.
Neuromuscular junction
the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
Neurotransmitter
a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
Origin
the place or point where a muscle, nerve, or other body part arises, in particular.
Oxygen debt
a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise
Plantar flexion
the movement which increases the approximate 90 degree angle between the front part of the foot and the shin, as when depressing an automobile pedal or standing on the tiptoes.
