Chapter 15

Question 0

Diuresis

Answer 0

increased or excessive production of urine.

Question 1

Acid-base balance

Answer 1

maintenance of the normal pH within the body systems.

Question 2

Electrolyte balance

Answer 2

an equilibrium between the amounts of electrolytes (as calcium and sodium and potassium) that is essential for normal health and functioning

Question 3

Filtration

Answer 3

the action or process of filtering something.

Question 4

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

a capsule-shaped membranous structure surrounding the glomerulus of each nephron in the kidneys of mammals that extracts wastes, excess salts, and water from the blood.

Question 5

Glomerulus

Answer 5

a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular.

Question 6

Micturition

Answer 6

the discharge of urine

Question 7

Nephrons

Answer 7

each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.

Question 8

Nitrogenous wastes

Answer 8

Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.

Question 9

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 9

In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.

Question 10

reabsorption

Answer 10

resorption: the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation

Question 11

renal cortex

Answer 11

the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules

Question 12

​renal medulla

Answer 12

The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney

Question 13

​renal pelvis

Answer 13

the broadened top part of the ureter into which the kidney tubules drain.

Question 14

renal tubule

Answer 14

Another name for kidney tubule

Question 15

secretion

Answer 15

a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.

Question 16

ureters

Answer 16

the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca.

Question 17

urethra

Answer 17

the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.

Question 18

urinary bladder

Answer 18

a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine

Question 19

​water balance

Answer 19

describe the flow of water in and out of a system.