The Multistore Modek Of Memory Flashcards
Who proposed the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
The MSM was first introduced in their 1968 work.
What are the three stores of the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
- Sensory register
- Short-term memory (STM)
- Long-term memory (LTM)
These stores represent different stages of memory processing.
How long does information typically remain in the sensory register?
Very short period
Information in the sensory register is fleeting and usually decays quickly.
What senses contribute to the sensory memory store?
- Sight
- Sound
- Touch
These senses provide the data that enters the sensory register.
What is the capacity of the sensory memory store?
Large
The sensory register can hold a vast amount of information temporarily.
What is the first step in the process of remembering something?
Attention
Focusing attention on sensory information allows it to be transferred to short-term memory.
What is the duration of short-term memory (STM)?
Up to 18 seconds
STM has a limited duration unless maintained through rehearsal.
What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
7 +/- 2 chunks
This reflects the average amount of information a person can hold in STM.
How does short-term memory mainly encode information?
Acoustically
STM typically processes information based on sound.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
The process of verbally or mentally repeating information
This technique helps to extend the duration of information in short-term memory.
What is an example of maintenance rehearsal?
Remembering a phone number long enough to make a call
This involves temporarily holding information in STM through repetition.
What does continual rehearsal do to the memory trace?
Regenerates or renews the information
This process strengthens the memory when it is transferred to long-term memory.
What occurs if maintenance rehearsal does not take place?
Information is forgotten and lost from short term memory through the processes of displacement or decay.
Maintenance rehearsal is the repetition of information to keep it in short term memory.
What are the characteristics of Long Term Memory (LTM)?
LTM has unlimited capacity and duration and encodes information semantically.
Semantic encoding involves the processing of information in a meaningful way.
How can information be accessed from Long Term Memory?
Information can be recalled from LTM back into short term memory when it is needed.
What does the Multi-Store Model of Memory propose about STM and LTM?
STM and LTM can be viewed as two separate and distinct systems.
What is the key study associated with the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
The key study is Murdock 1962: The serial position curve.
What is a serial position curve?
A graph that represents the recall performance of words based on their position in a list.
What effects are observed in the serial position curve?
The primacy effect and the recency effect.
What is the primacy effect?
The tendency to recall the first words from a list more easily.
What is the recency effect?
The tendency to recall the most recent or last words from a list more easily.
Why are words in the middle of the list remembered least well?
They are displaced by more information coming into short term memory and are not rehearsed to go into long term memory.
How does the existence of both the primacy and recency effects support the Multi-Store Model?
Their presence suggests that there are separate memory stores for short term and long term memory.
What was the variation conducted by Glanzer and Cunitz in 1966?
They delayed recall for 30 seconds to observe the effects on the serial position curve.
What would happen to the recency effect if recall is delayed?
The recency effect would diminish or disappear as STM is no longer available.
What shape does the graph demonstrating the primacy and recency effect resemble?
A U shaped curve.
What does the case study of K.F. provide evidence for?
Multiple memory stores.
What was K.F.’s reduced STM capacity after his accident?
1-2 digits.
What remained the same for K.F. despite his STM deficits?
His LTM.
In K.F.’s case, which type of information had deficits in STM?
Verbal information.
What type of STM remained unchanged for K.F.?
Visual information.
What does the case study of Clive Wearing primarily affect?
Episodic memory.
How does Clive Wearing’s case support the Multi-Store Model (MSM)?
He can remember stuff that happened last minute.
How does Clive Wearing’s case oppose the MSM?
LTM is more complicated as he can remember some things but can’t make new long-term memories.
